Apparatus and method for oxidation and stabilization of polymeric materials
An apparatus for treating polymeric materials comprises a treatment chamber adapted to maintain a selected atmosphere; a means for supporting the polymeric material within the chamber; and, a source of plasma-derived gas containing at least one reactive oxidative species whereby the polymer is stabilized and cross linked through exposure to the oxidative species in the chamber at a selected temperature. The polymer may be directly exposed to the plasma, or alternatively, the plasma may be established in a separate volume from which the reactive species may be extracted and introduced into the vicinity of the polymer. The apparatus may be configured for either batch-type or continuous-type processing. The apparatus and method are especially useful for preparing polymer fibers, particularly PAN fibers, for later carbonization treatments.
1. A method for treating polymeric materials comprising: forming a non-filamentary plasma discharge between two electrodes, wherein the non-filamentary plasma discharge includes at least one reactive oxidative species that has been dissociated from a gas by the application of an energy by the two electrodes; and
drawing a tow of polymeric material through the two electrodes at which the non-filamentary plasma discharge is present to expose the polymeric material to the reactive oxidative species, wherein exposure of the polymeric material to the reactive oxidative species induces crosslinking in the polymeric material.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said non-filamentary plasma discharge is generated at substantially atmospheric pressure.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein said non-filamentary plasma discharge is generated at a pressure substantially less than atmospheric.
4. A method for treating polymeric materials comprising: forming a plasma discharge overlying dielectric material having a plurality of electrodes embedded therein, wherein the plasma discharge includes at least one reactive oxidative species that has been dissociated from a gas by the application of an energy by the plurality of electrodes to the gas; and drawing a tow of polymeric material over the dielectric material to expose the polymeric material to the reactive oxidative species, wherein exposure of the polymeric material to the at least one reactive oxidative species induces crosslinking in the polymeric material.
5. The method of claim 1 further comprising a pretreatment step wherein said polymeric material is given a selected treatment prior to exposure to said at least one reactive oxidative species.
6. The method of claim 5 wherein said pretreatment step is selected from the group consisting of: direct heating; UV exposure; laser treatment; electron beam irradiation; and, gamma irradiation.
7. The method of claim 1 further including the step of removing gaseous species evolved from said polymeric material during exposure to said at least one reactive oxidation species.
8. The method of claim 1 wherein said polymeric material comprises polyacrylonitrile and the exposure of the polymeric material to said at least one reactive oxidative species is at a temperature from about 120 to about 300° C.
9. The method of claim 4 further comprising a pretreatment step wherein said polymeric material is given a selected treatment prior to exposure to said at least one reactive oxidative species.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein said pretreatment is selected from the group consisting of: direct heating; UV exposure; laser treatment; electron beam irradiation; and gamma irradiation.
11. The method of claim 4 further including the step of removing gaseous species evolved from said polymeric material during exposure to said at least one reactive oxidation species.
12. The method of claim 4 wherein said polymeric material comprises polyacrylonitrile and the exposure of the polymeric material to said at least one reactive oxidative species is at a temperature from about 120 to about 300° C.