Liquid crystal composition, liquid crystal display element using the same, and electronic paper including the same
The invention has an object to provide a liquid crystal composite capable of sufficiently reducing the scattering of light in a focal conic state, a liquid crystal display element excellent in improvements of a color balance and a contrast, and electronic paper using the same. The content of a chiral material is higher in a cholesteric liquid crystal LCg for G than in a cholesteric liquid crystal LCb for B, and is higher in a cholesteric liquid crystal LCr for R than in the cholesteric liquid crystal LCg for G. The cholesteric liquid crystal LCr for R is prepared by mixing about 5 wt % of a chiral material CHl1 of an L-form with a base liquid crystal of an R-form, which contains 27 wt % of CHr1 of the R-form exhibiting a liquid crystallizability for a nematic liquid crystal LCn, and 3 wt % of a chiral material CHr2 of the R-form exhibiting no crystallizability.
1. A liquid crystal display element comprising:
a first liquid crystal layer having a first chiral material contained in a nematic liquid crystal to form a cholesteric phase such that light having a first wavelength is reflected in a planar state; and
a second liquid crystal layer having a second chiral material contained in a nematic liquid crystal at a content higher than the content of the first chiral material to form a cholesteric phase such that light having a second wavelength longer than the first wavelength is reflected in the planar state.
2. A liquid crystal display element according to claim 1 , wherein the second chiral material includes two types of optical isomers having different optical rotations.
3. A liquid crystal display element according to claim 1 , further comprising a third liquid crystal layer having a third chiral material contained in a nematic liquid crystal at a content higher than the content of the second chiral material to form a cholesteric phase such that light having a third wavelength longer than the second wavelength is reflected in the planar state.
4. A liquid crystal display element according to claim 3 , wherein the third chiral material includes two types of optical isomers having different optical rotations.
5. A liquid crystal display element according to claim 3 , wherein the light having the first wavelength is blue; the light having the second wavelength is green; and the light having the third wavelength is red.
6. A liquid crystal display element according to claim 3 , wherein each of the first to third liquid crystal layers is enclosed between a pair of different substrates.
7. A liquid crystal display element according to claim 3 , wherein the first liquid crystal layer, the second liquid crystal layer, and the third liquid crystal layer are stacked in this order from the side of a display surface.
8. A liquid crystal display element according to claim 3 , wherein optical rotation in the second liquid crystal layer in the planar state is different from optical rotation in the first and third liquid crystal layers.
9. A liquid crystal display element according to claim 3 , wherein each of the first to third liquid crystal layers has a cell gap d satisfying 3 μm≦d≦6 μm.
10. A liquid crystal display element according to claim 3 , further comprising a light absorbing layer for absorbing light is disposed on a side of the pair of substrates enclosing the third liquid crystal layer opposite to a light entrance side thereof such that black is displayed when all of the first to third liquid crystal layers are in a focal conic state.
11. A liquid crystal display element according to claim 3 , wherein the content x of the first to third chiral materials satisfies 20 wt %≦x≦60 wt %.
12. A liquid crystal display element according to claim 1 , wherein the value of refractive index anisotropy Δn of the nematic liquid crystals satisfies 0.18≦Δn≦0.24.
13. A liquid crystal display element according to claim 12 , wherein refractive index anisotropy Δn of the first to third chiral materials is smaller than the Δn of the nematic liquid crystals.
14. Electronic paper comprising a display portion for displaying a predetermined image, wherein the display portion has a liquid crystal display element according to claim 1 .