Stringed musical instrument with improved method and apparatus for tuning and signal processing

1. A musical instrument comprising:

a fretboard;

a plurality of frets aligned in a first direction on the fretboard;

a first plurality of strings aligned in a second direction above the plurality of frets, the second direction being substantially perpendicular to the first direction;

a first plurality of tensioning devices operable to hold the first plurality of strings in tension such that the pitches of adjacent strings of the first plurality of strings differ by one whole tone and

a plurality of markers fixed to the fretboard, each located in proximity to an intersection of a fret of the plurality of frets and a string of the plurality of strings;

wherein the plurality of markers distinguish notes within a particular major scale from notes outside of the major scale, and

wherein notes outside of the major scale are grouped in clusters of two along a fret of a first set of frets and in clusters of three along a fret of a second set of frets, the frets of the first and second set of frets being interleaved.

2. A musical instrument in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the frets are spaced on the fretboard such that a string fretted at a first fret produces a note one semitone away from the same string fretted at an adjacent fret.

3. A musical instrument in accordance with claim 1 , further comprising:

a plurality of pickups each operable to produce a signal in response to vibration of a string of the first plurality of strings.

4. A musical instrument in accordance with claim 3 , further comprising:

a first panning circuit, operable to weight at least some of the signals from the plurality of pickups, in accordance with a first weighting, to produce first weighted signals and to sum the first weighted signals to produce a left channel signal and further operable to weight at least some of the signals from the plurality of pickups, in accordance with a second weighting, to produce second weighted signals and to sum the second weighted signals to produce a right channel signal.

5. A musical instrument in accordance with claim 3 , further comprising:

an effects processor operable to modify the signals from the plurality of pickups and produce at least one modified signal.

6. A musical instrument in accordance with claim 5 , wherein the effects processor comprises a digital signal processor.

7. A musical instrument in accordance with claim 3 , further comprising:

a plurality of summing circuits, each operable to sum a subset of the signals from the plurality of pickups to produce a summed signal as output.

8. A musical instrument in accordance with claim 3 , further comprising:

a pitch analyzer receiving the signal from a pickup of the plurality of pickups as input and operable to compare the pitch of a played string to a reference frequency; and

a pitch indicator, responsive to the pitch analyzer, and operable to indicate to a user of the musical instrument if the played string is tuned to the reference frequency.

9. A musical instrument in accordance with claim 8 , wherein the pitch indicator comprises at least one light.

10. A musical instrument in accordance with claim 8 , wherein the pitch indicator comprises:

a first light that is illuminated if the pitch of the played note is too high; and

a second light that is illuminated if the pitch of the played note is too low.

11. A musical instrument in accordance with claim 3 , further comprising:

a pitch analyzer receiving the signal from a pickup of the plurality of pickups as input and operable to determine a pitch error between the pitch of a played string and a reference frequency; and

a pitch modifier responsive to the signal from the pickup and operable to modify the signal from the pickup to alter the pitch of the signal in accordance with the pitch error.

12. A musical instrument in accordance with claim 3 , further comprising:

a plurality of amplifiers operable to adjust independently the levels of the signals produced by the plurality of pickups.

13. A musical instrument in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the fretboard is marked with a first marker in proximity to each intersection of a fret and a string of the first plurality of strings if the note produced by fretting the string thereupon, corresponds to a note outside of a particular major scale.

14. A musical instrument in accordance with claim 13 , wherein the fretboard is further marked with a second marker in proximity to each intersection of a fret and a string of the first plurality of strings if the note produced by fretting the string thereupon corresponds to a note within the same major scale.

15. A musical instrument in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the fretboard is marked with a first marker in proximity to each intersection of a fret and a string of the first plurality of strings if the note produced by fretting the string thereupon corresponds to a note within a particular major scale.

16. A musical instrument in accordance with claim 1 , further comprising:

a second plurality of strings aligned in the second direction above the plurality of frets, the second direction being substantially perpendicular to the first direction; and

a second plurality of tensioning devices operable to hold the second plurality of strings in tension such that the pitch of adjacent strings within the second plurality of strings differ by two whole tones.

17. A musical instrument in accordance with claim 16 , wherein the fretboard is marked with a first marker in proximity to each intersection of a fret and a string of the second plurality of strings if the note produced by fretting a string thereupon is a first note or an octave interval of the first note.

18. A musical instrument in accordance with claim 16 , further comprising: a plurality of pickups each operable to produce a signal in response to vibration of a string selected from one of the first plurality of strings or the second plurality of strings.

19. A musical instrument in accordance with claim 1 , further comprising: a master tensioning device coupled to the first plurality of strings and operable to adjust simultaneously the tension in all of the first plurality of strings.

20. A musical instrument in accordance with claim 1 , further comprising: at least one carrying handle positioned near the center of gravity of the instrument.

21. A musical instrument in accordance with claim 1 , further comprising:

a bridge that supports the plurality of strings above the fretboard; and

a dampening pad between the bridge and the closest fret to the bridge operable to contact at least one string of the first plurality of strings and thereby decrease vibration of the at least one string.

22. A musical instrument in accordance with claim 21 , wherein the dampening pad is attached to one end of a lever arm that may be activated by a user of the musical instrument.