Methods and apparatus for starting up combined cycle power systems
Methods and apparatus for fast starting and loading a combined cycle power system are described. In one example embodiment, the method includes loading the gas turbine at up to it's maximum rate, and loading the steam turbine at its maximum rate with excess steam bypassed to the condenser while maintaining the temperature of steam supplied to the steam turbine at a substantially constant temperature from initial steam admission into the steam turbine until all steam generated by the heat recovery steam generator is being admitted to the steam turbine while the gas turbine operates at up to maximum load.
1. A method for starting a combined cycle power generation system including a gas turbine and a steam turbine, said method comprising:
loading the gas turbine at a rate that is proximately equal to a maximum rate; and
maintaining a temperature of steam generated from an exhaust flow of the gas turbine and supplied to the steam turbine at a substantially constant temperature from an initial steam admission into the steam turbine until substantially all of the steam generated from the exhaust flow of the gas turbine is admitted into the steam turbine.
2. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the combined cycle power generation system includes a heat recovery steam generator that provides steam to the steam turbine, and a condenser coupled to the steam turbine.
3. A method in accordance with claim 2 further comprising cooling the steam supplied to the steam turbine from the heat recovery steam generator.
4. A method in accordance with claim 3 wherein the temperature of steam from the heat recovery steam generator is reduced to satisfy steam turbine criteria for steam temperature to turbine metal temperature matching with gas turbine at any load.
5. A method in accordance with claim 4 wherein the steam temperature of steam from the heat recovery steam generator is reduced using at least one attemperator.
6. A method in accordance with claim 1 further comprising heating fuel supplied to the gas turbine.
7. A method in accordance with claim 6 wherein the fuel is heated using an auxiliary boiler and at least one intervening heat exchanger between an auxiliary boiler steam outlet and a gas fuel line.
8. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the combined cycle system further includes a heat recovery steam generator coupled to the steam turbine, a condenser coupled to the steam turbine, and bypass paths from the heat recovery steam generator to the condenser, and wherein the method further comprises controlling a flow of steam through the bypass paths so as to adjust reheat pressure from the heat recovery steam generator to the steam turbine.
9. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein after substantially all of the steam is admitted into the steam turbine, the steam temperature is raised at a rate compatible with allowable steam turbine stress to achieve normal steam turbine output and efficiency.
10. A method for starting a combined cycle power generation system, the combined cycle power generation system including a gas turbine, a steam turbine, a heat recovery steam generator that generates steam, and receives exhaust heat from said gas turbine and is equipped with attemperators at discharge terminals of a high pressure superheater and a reheater and is connected to the steam turbine and supplies steam to the steam turbine, a condenser connected to the steam turbine, and bypass paths from the heat recovery steam generator to the condenser and from a high pressure steam line to a hot reheat steam piping; said method comprising:
loading the gas turbine up to a rate that is approximately equal to a maximum rate of the gas turbine;
maintaining steam temperature of steam supplied to the steam turbine at a substantially constant temperature from an initial steam admission into the steam turbine until all of the steam generated by the heat recovery steam generator with the gas turbine operating at up to a maximum load is admitted into the steam turbine;
modulating a flow of steam through the bypass paths so as to control the high pressure steam pressure, reheat pressure and low pressure steam pressure from the heat recovery steam generator, and provide alternate paths for the steam while steam turbine admission valves are modulated during loading; and
after substantially all the steam is admitted into the steam turbine, raising the steam temperature at a rate compatible with allowable steam turbine stress and differential expansion to achieve normal steam turbine output and efficiency.
11. A method in accordance with claim 10 further comprising cooling the steam supplied to the steam turbine from the heat recovery steam generator.
12. A method in accordance with claim 10 further comprising heating fuel supplied to the gas turbine.
13. A method in accordance with claim 12 wherein the fuel is heated using an auxiliary boiler and at least one intervening heat exchanger between an auxiliary boiler steam outlet and a gas fuel line.