Low-mass sample block with rapid response to temperature change
A sample block for use in the polymerase chain reaction, DNA sequencing, and other procedures that involve the performance of simultaneous reactions in multiple samples with temperature control by heating or cooling elements contacting the bottom surface of the block is improved by the inclusion of hollows in the block that are positioned to decrease the mass of the block in the immediate vicinity of the wells.
1. A multiple sample support for use in performing a plurality of chemical reactions simultaneously at controlled temperatures, said multiple sample support comprising:
a rigid block of unitary construction bounded by two parallel planar surfaces defined as a top surface and a bottom surface an having a length and width,
a series of sample wells in said block that are arranged in a planar array and that open at said top surface, and
a first set of straight passages running lengthwise through said block between said wells and periodically spaced within said block but not intersecting with said wells, and a second set of straight passages running transverse to, and intersecting with, said first set to form a network of intersecting passages that are parallel to said top and bottom surface.
2. The multiple sample support of claim 1 further comprising openings in said top surface communicating with said network of intersecting passages.
3. The multiple sample support of claim 1 wherein said intersecting passages intersect at nodes, each of said openings is aligned with a node, and said block further comprises a platform in said top surface above at least one of said nodes.
4. The multiple sample support of claims 2 wherein said series of wells consists of from 4 wells to 4,000 wells.
5. The multiple sample support of claims 2 wherein said series of wells consists of from 12 wells to 400 wells.
6. The multiple sample support of claims 2 wherein said wells have a center-to-center spacing of from about 4 mm to about 12 mm.
7. The multiple sample support of claims 2 wherein said block is formed of a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, iron, magnesium, silver, an alloy of aluminum, an alloy of copper, an alloy of iron, an alloy of magnesium, an alloy of silver, and a composite of aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, and carbon.
8. A combination sample plate and support block for use in performing a plurality of chemical reactions simultaneously at controlled temperatures, said combination comprising:
a sample plate shaped to form an array of sample wells having undersides with selected contours; and
a rigid support block of unitary construction bounded by two parallel planar surfaces defined as a top surface and a bottom surface and having a length and width;
an array of support wells in said rigid block open to said top surface, equal in number to said sample wells, and complementary in contour to said undersides of said sample wells,
an array of indentations in said top surface of said support block positioned between said support wells, said array of indentations being complementary with said array of sample wells except for a single platform at the center of said array of indentations, thereby preventing placement of said sample wells in said indentations while allowing placement of said sample wells in said support wells; and
a first set of straight passages running lengthwise through said support block between said support wells and periodically spaced within said support block but not intersecting with said support wells, and a second set of straight passages running through said support block transverse to, and intersecting with, said first set to form a network of intersecting passages that are parallel to said top and bottom surfaces.