Opposed piston internal-combustion engine with hypocycloidal drive and generator apparatus
An opposed piston, internal-combustion engine including a cylinder with a bore and opposed pistons disposed within the bore is provided with one or more hypocycloidal drives that convert the linear motion of a piston to rotary output motion. An electrical generator includes an opposed piston, internal-combustion engine with a coil mounted to the skirt of a piston and a hypocycloidal drive connected by a rod to the piston. The construction of the hypocycloidal drive imposes a sinusoidal period on the linear motion of the piston. As the piston transports the coil though a magnetic field, a sinusoidal voltage is induced in the windings of the coil.
1. A hypocycloidal drive for an internal combustion engine, comprising:
a pair of spaced-apart ring gears with equal pitch diameters D on inside annuluses;
means for mounting the ring gears in the engine;
a pair of pinions with equal pitch diameters d, where d=D/2, each pinion engaging the inside annulus of a respective ring gear;
a first journal having an axis;
the first journal mounted to the pinions such that the axis coincides with the pitch diameters of the pinions; and,
a second journal rotatably mounted to an outside of each pinion;
the second journal being coaxial with the ring gears.
2. A hypocycloidal drive for an internal combustion engine, comprising:
a pair of spaced-apart ring gears, each with a pitch diameter D;
a pair of pinions, each engaging a respective ring gear, and each with a pitch diameter d, where D=2d;
a first journal having an axis;
the first journal mounted to the pinions such that the axis coincides with the pitch diameters of the pinions; and,
a second journal eccentrically mounted to an outside of each pinion to be coaxial with the ring gears.
3. An internal-combustion engine, comprising:
a cylinder with a bore;
a pair of opposed pistons disposed in the bore;
a hypocycloidal drive for each piston; and
a pair of connecting rods, each connecting rod coupling a respective
hypocycloidal drive to a piston such that the hypocycloidal drive translates straight-line linear motion of the piston and the connecting rod into rotary motion of a crankshaft.
4. The internal-combustion engine of claim 3 , each hypocycloidal drive including a ring gear, a pinion engaging the ring gear, a first journal eccentrically mounted on a first side of the pinion, the first journal coupled to the second end of a connecting rod, and a second journal eccentrically mounted on a second side of the pinion.
5. The internal-combustion engine of claim 3 , each hypocycloidal drive comprising:
a pair of spaced-apart ring gears, each with a pitch diameter D;
a pair of pinions, each engaging a respective ring gear, and each with a pitch diameter d, where D=2d;
the second end of the connecting rod disposed between the ring gears, and pinions;
a first journal received in a bearing at the second end of the connecting rod and mounted to facing sides of the pinions; and,
a second journal for each pinion, each second journal eccentrically mounted to an outside of a pinion.
6. In an opposed piston engine including a cylinder with a bore and a pair of opposed pistons disposed in the bore, a connecting rod connected to each piston, and means mounted to one end of each connecting rod for engaging a journal, a method, comprising:
connecting each means to a journal of a respective hypocycloidal drive;
reciprocating the pistons in the bore along a straight line path; and
translating straight line reciprocating movement of each connecting rod into crankshaft rotation with a respective hypocycloidal drive.
7. An apparatus for generating electricity, comprising:
an opposed piston internal-combustion engine with a hypocycloidal drive;
the engine including at least one connecting rod coupling the hypocycloidal drive to a piston such that the hypocycloidal drive translates straight-line linear motion of the piston and the connecting rod into rotary motion of a crankshaft; and,
at least one coil mounted to be moved by a piston through a magnetic field.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 , further comprising:
a magnet mounted near a cylinder of the engine;
the piston being disposed in a bore of the cylinder;
the piston being linked to the hypocycloidal drive; and
the at least one coil being mounted to a skirt of the piston.
9. An electrical generating apparatus, comprising:
an internal-combustion engine with a cylinder, a pair of opposed pistons mounted in a bore of the cylinder, and a hypocycloidal drive coupled to each piston of the pair of opposed pistons;
a pair of connecting rods, each connecting rod coupling a respective hypocycloidal drive to a piston such that the hypocycloidal drive translates straight-line linear motion of the piston and the connecting rod into rotary motion of a crankshaft;
a magnet mounted near each end of the cylinder; and
a coil mounted to each piston of the pair of opposed pistons.
10. A generating apparatus, comprising:
an internal-combustion engine with a cylinder having at least one piston coupled to a hypocycloidal drive;
a connecting rod coupling the hypocycloidal drive to the piston such that the hypocycloidal drive translates straight-line linear motion of the piston and the connecting rod into rotary motion of a crankshaft; and
at least one coil mounted to be moved by the piston through a magnetic field of a permanent magnet mounted to the cylinder.
11. A generating apparatus, comprising:
an internal-combustion engine with at least one piston coupled to a hypocycloidal drive;
a connecting rod coupling the hypocycloidal drive to the piston such that the hypocycloidal drive translates straight-line linear motion of the piston and the connecting rod into rotary motion of a crankshaft; and
at least one coil mounted to be moved by the piston through a magnetic field of a permanent magnet.
12. The generating apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the engine is an opposed-piston engine.
13. The generating apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the internal combustion engine includes at least one pair of opposed pistons, each piston coupled by a connecting rod to a hypocycloidal drive, each hypocycloidal drive comprising:
a ring gear;
a pinion engaging the ring gear; and
a journal received in a bearing at the end of the connecting rod and mounted to a point on a pitch diameter of the pinion.
14. The generating apparatus of claim 13 , further including means in the connecting rod for conducting liquid coolant to the interior of a piston.
15. The generating apparatus of claim 11 , wherein:
the internal combustion engine includes a connecting rod coupling the at least one piston to the hypocycloidal drive; and
the hypocycloidal output includes at least one hypocycloidal drive with a ring gear having a pitch diameter D, a pinion with a pitch diameter d engaging the ring gear, wherein D=2d, a first journal connected to a point on the pitch diameter d on a first side of the pinion, the first journal rotatably coupled to the connecting rod, and a second journal eccentrically and rotatably mounted on a second side of the pinion.
16. The generating apparatus of claim 11 , further comprising:
a magnet mounted to a cylinder of the engine;
the piston being disposed in a bore of the cylinder;
the piston being linked to the hypocycloidal drive; and
the at least one coil mounted to a skirt of the piston.
17. The generating apparatus of claim 16 , wherein the engine is an opposed-piston engine.
18. In an internal-combustion engine with a cylinder, a piston mounted in a bore of the cylinder and a hypocycloidal drive coupled to the piston, a generator, comprising:
a connecting rod coupling the hypocycloidal drive to the piston such that the hypocycloidal drive translates straight-line linear motion of the piston and the connecting rod into rotary motion of a crankshaft;
a permanent magnet mounted to the at least one cylinder; and
a coil mounted to the piston.
19. The generator of claim 18 , wherein the engine is an opposed piston engine.