Thermal decomposition of urea in a side stream of combustion flue gas using a regenerative heat exchanger
This invention relates generally to the treatment of NOx in combustion flue gas. In certain embodiments, the invention relates to the use of a regenerative heat exchanger (RHE) to convert urea to ammonia in a side stream of flue gas. Ammonia and/or other urea decomposition products exit the heat exchanger, are mixed with the rest of the flue gas, and enter a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) unit for reduction of NOx in the flue gas. The use of an RHE significantly improves the thermal efficiency of the overall process. More particularly, in certain embodiments, the regenerative heat exchanger is a dual chamber RHE.
1. A process comprising a regenerative heat exchanger unit configured to produce a reactant gas comprising ammonia from a reagent comprising urea in a side stream of flue gas from a combustor.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the reactant gas is carried along with the flue gas from the regenerative heat exchanger unit into a selective catalytic reduction unit.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the regenerative heat exchanger unit comprises at least two chambers.
4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the regenerative heat exchanger unit is a dual-chamber regenerative heat exchanger unit in which gas flow reverses direction in cycles.
5. A method for producing a reactant gas comprising ammonia from a reagent comprising urea in a side stream of flue gas from a combustor, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) introducing the flue gas into a multi-chamber regenerative heat exchanger unit;
(b) introducing the reagent comprising urea into a retention chamber of the regenerative heat exchanger unit, wherein the retention chamber is maintained at a sufficient temperature for production of the reactant gas comprising ammonia;
(c) conducting flue gas containing the reactant gas from the regenerative heat exchanger unit into a selective catalytic reduction unit; and
(d) reversing flow of the flue gas through the regenerative heat exchanger unit in cycles while maintaining a net flow of flue gas into the selective catalytic reduction unit.