Adjusting alloy compositions for selected properties in temperature limited heaters
Heaters for treating a subsurface formation are described herein. Such heaters can be obtained by using the systems and methods described herein. The heater includes a heater section including iron, cobalt, and carbon. The heater section has a Curie temperature less than a phase transformation temperature. The Curie temperature is at least 740° C. The heater section provides, when time varying current is applied to the heater section, an electrical resistance.
1. A heater, comprising:
a heater section having at least 50% by weight iron, at least 6% by weight cobalt, at least 9% by weight chromium, and at least 0.5% by weight vanadium;
wherein the heater section has a Curie temperature (T c ) less than a phase transformation temperature, wherein the T c is at least 740° C.; and
wherein the heater section is configured to provide, when time varying current is applied, an electrical resistance.
2. The heater of claim 1 , wherein the heater section further comprises carbon.
3. The heater of claim 1 , wherein the heater section further comprises titanium.
4. The heater of claim 1 , wherein the heater section further comprises manganese.
5. The heater of claim 1 , wherein the heater section further comprises nickel.
6. The heater of claim 1 , wherein the heater section further comprises silicon.
7. The heater of claim 1 , wherein the heater section further comprises manganese, silicon, nickel, or combinations thereof.
8. The heater of claim 1 , wherein the content of chromium in the heater section is at least 11% by weight.
9. The heater of claim 1 , wherein the heater section has at most 1% by weight of manganese.
10. The heater of claim 1 , wherein the heater section has at most 1% by weight of nickel.
11. The heater of claim 1 , wherein the heater section has at most 1% by weight of silicon.
12. The heater of claim 1 , wherein the heater section has at most 1% by weight of vanadium.
13. The heater of claim 1 , wherein the heater section has at most 1% by weight of titanium.
14. The heater of claim 1 , wherein the heater section is configured to provide a reduced amount of heat at or near, and above, the Curie temperature.
15. The heater of claim 1 , wherein the heater is located in a subsurface formation.
16. The heater of claim 1 , wherein the heater is configured to provide heat to a subsurface formation.
17. The heater of claim 1 , wherein the heater is configured to provide heat to a hydrocarbon containing formation such that at least some hydrocarbons in the formation are mobilized and/or pyrolyzed.
18. A heater, comprising:
a heater section having at least 50% by weight iron, at least 9% by weight chromium, at least 0.1% by weight carbon, and at least some titanium with at most 1% by weight of titanium;
wherein the heater section has a Curie temperature (T c ) less than a phase transformation temperature, wherein the T c is at least 800° C.; and
wherein the heater section is configured to provide, when time varying current is applied, an electrical resistance.
19. The heater of claim 18 , wherein the heater section further comprises one or more metals capable of forming carbides.
20. The heater of claim 18 , wherein the heater section further comprises one or more metals capable of forming carbides, wherein at least one of the metals is titanium.
21. The heater of claim 18 , wherein the heater section further comprises at least 6% by weight of cobalt.
22. The heater of claim 18 , wherein the heater section is configured to provide a reduced amount of heat at or near, and above, the Curie temperature.
23. The heater of claim 18 , wherein the heater is located in a subsurface formation.
24. The heater of claim 18 , wherein the heater is configured to provide heat to a subsurface formation.
25. The heater of claim 18 , wherein the heater is configured to provide heat to a hydrocarbon containing formation such that at least some hydrocarbons in the formation are mobilized and/or pyrolyzed.
26. A heater, comprising:
a heater section comprising iron, cobalt, chromium, vanadium, and carbon;
wherein the heater section has a Curie temperature (T c ) less than a phase transformation temperature, and the T c is at least 740° C.; and
wherein the heater section is configured to provide, when time varying current is applied to the heater section, an electrical resistance.
27. The heater of claim 26 , wherein the heater section further comprises one or more metals capable of forming carbides.
28. The heater of claim 26 , wherein the heater section further comprises one or more metals capable of forming carbides, wherein at least one of the metals is vanadium.
29. The heater of claim 26 , wherein the heater section has at least 6% by weight of cobalt.
30. The heater of claim 26 , wherein the heater section has at least 11% by weight of chromium.
31. The heater of claim 26 , wherein the heater section has at most 1% by weight of vanadium.
32. The heater of claim 26 , wherein the heater section is configured to provide a reduced amount of heat at or near, and above, the Curie temperature.
33. The heater of claim 26 , wherein the heater is located in a subsurface formation.
34. The heater of claim 26 , wherein the heater is configured to provide heat to a subsurface formation.
35. The heater of claim 26 , wherein the heater is configured to provide heat to a hydrocarbon containing formation such that at least some hydrocarbons in the formation are mobilized and/or pyrolyzed.
36. A heater, comprising:
a heater section comprising iron, chromium, titanium, and carbon;
wherein the heater section has a Curie temperature (T c ) less than a phase transformation temperature, and the T c is at least 800° C.; and
wherein the heater section is configured to provide, when time varying current is applied to the heater section, an electrical resistance.
37. The heater of claim 36 , wherein the heater section further comprises one or more metals capable of forming carbides.
38. The heater of claim 36 , wherein the heater section further comprises one or more metals capable of forming carbides, wherein at least one of the metals is titanium.
39. The heater of claim 36 , wherein the heater section further comprises at least 6% by weight of cobalt.
40. The heater of claim 36 , wherein the heater section has at least 9% by weight of chromium.
41. The heater of claim 36 , wherein the heater section has at most 1% by weight of titanium.
42. The heater of claim 36 , wherein the heater section is configured to provide a reduced amount of heat at or near, and above, the Curie temperature.
43. The heater of claim 36 , wherein the heater is located in a subsurface formation.
44. The heater of claim 36 , wherein the heater is configured to provide heat to a subsurface formation.
45. The heater of claim 36 , wherein the heater is configured to provide heat to a hydrocarbon containing formation such that at least some hydrocarbons in the formation are mobilized and/or pyrolyzed.