Geosteering detectors for rotary-type continuous miners
The invention provides, in one embodiment, a detector for a miner comprising a gamma sensing element and a light sensing element coupled to the gamma sensing element. According to the embodiment, the detector is mounted on a rotary cutter of a boring-type continuous miner such that the gamma sensing element has a view of a geologic formation being mined. A mining control system is also provided, comprising a miner having at least two rotary cutters and a gamma detector on each of the at least two rotary cutters for receiving gamma emissions from a geologic formation. The mining control system also provides an accelerometer and a rate gyro, wherein the accelerometer and the rate gyro correlate the received gamma emissions with positions of the at least two rotary cutters, and a central module that utilizes the correlated readings to determine whether the cutters should be moved.
1. A detector for a miner, comprising: a gamma sensing element; a light sensing element, coupled to said gamma sensing element; and a data processing element; wherein said detector is mounted on a rotary cutter of a boring-type continuous miner such that said gamma sensing element has a view of a geologic formation being mined; and wherein said data processing element is in a housing that is supported by a dual metallic flexible sleeve.
2. The detector of claim 1 , wherein said view is in a radial direction, and said gamma sensing element has shielding from radiation in other directions.
3. The detector of claim 1 , wherein said gamma sensing element comprises an elongated gamma sensing element being aligned substantially parallel with mineral beds in said geologic formation.
4. The detector of claim 1 , wherein said gamma sensing element is in an armored housing.
5. The detector of claim 4 , wherein said armored housing is at least ¾ of an inch thick and contains a layer of lead at least ¾ of an inch thick.
6. The detector of claim 4 , further comprising a window in said armored housing to allow passage of gamma rays to said gamma sensing element.
7. The detector of claim 6 , wherein said window comprises polyether ether ketone (PEEK).
8. The detector of claim 7 , wherein said window comprises at least 60% carbon fiber.
9. The detector of claim 1 , wherein said gamma sensing element is supported within a metallic flexible sleeve.
10. The detector of claim 9 , wherein said flexible sleeve has a gap to allow passage of gamma rays.
11. The detector of claim 4 , wherein said detector is placed within 12 inches of an end of a fully extended rotor arm.
12. The detector of claim 1 , wherein said data processing element counts gamma ray pulses for selected periods of time.
13. The detector of claim 1 , further comprising a rate gyro, and wherein said data processing element calculates an orientation of said gamma sensing element based on information from said rate gyro.
14. The detector of claim 1 , further comprising an accelerometer and a rate gyro, and wherein said data processing element uses measurements from said accelerometer to provide a gravity reference for said rate gyro.
15. The detector of claim 1 , further comprising an accelerometer, and wherein said data processing element averages an output of the accelerometer to calculate an orientation by assuming a fixed rate of rotation of the rotary cutter to project forward a position from a position determined by the averaged output from the accelerometer.
16. The detector of claim 13 , wherein an externally supplied rotor position indication is provided as a reference for the rate gyro.
17. The detector of claim 1 , wherein said data processing element receives rotor orientation information from an externally supplied source.
18. The detector of claim 1 , wherein said geologic formation has multiple layers, and wherein said data processing element calculates an average of counts over a selected time period for each selected layer.
19. The detector of claim 1 , further comprising an RF transmitter for transmitting data to a receiver device located on a different rotary cutter.
20. The detector of claim 1 , wherein said data processing element calculates a direction to guide said rotary cutter.
21. The detector of claim 1 , wherein said data processing element determines movements of said rotary cutter to align a miner with the mineral beds in the geologic formation.
22. A mining control system for a boring-type continuous miner, comprising:
a rotary cutter for cutting a geologic formation composed of a plurality of layers of mineral composition, adjacent layers of the plurality of layers having boundaries there between;
a detector, comprising:
a gamma sensing element;
a light sensing element, coupled to said gamma sensing element;
wherein said detector is mounted on the rotary cutter such that said gamma sensing element has a field of view of the geologic formation being mined, wherein said field of view has a first dimension approximately perpendicular to the boundaries and a second dimension, larger than said first dimension, approximately parallel to the boundaries; and
a data processing element, wherein said data processing element is in a housing that is supported by a dual metallic flexible sleeve.
23. The system of claim 22 , wherein said data processing element counts gamma ray pulses for selected periods of time.
24. The system of claim 22 , further comprising a rate gyro, and wherein said data processing element calculates an orientation of said gamma sensing element based on information from said rate gyro.
25. The system of claim 22 , further comprising an accelerometer and a rate gyro, and wherein said data processing element uses measurements from said accelerometer to provide a gravity reference for said rate gyro.
26. The system of claim 22 , further comprising an accelerometer, and wherein said data processing element averages an output of the accelerometer to calculate an orientation by assuming a fixed rate of rotation of the rotary cutter to project forward a position from a position determined by the averaged output from the accelerometer.
27. The system of claim 24 , wherein an externally supplied rotor position indication is provided as a reference for the rate gyro.
28. The system of claim 22 , wherein said data processing element receives rotor orientation information from an externally supplied source.
29. The system of claim 22 , wherein said plurality of layers comprise selected layers, and wherein said data processing element calculates an average of counts over a selected time period for each selected layer.
30. The system of claim 22 , further comprising an RF transmitter for transmitting data to a receiver device located on a different rotary cutter.
31. The system of claim 22 , wherein said data processing element calculates a direction to guide said rotary cutter.
32. The system of claim 22 , wherein said data processing element determines movements of said rotary cutter to align a miner with the mineral beds in the geologic formation.