Hybrid primary optical component for optical concentrators
A hybrid optical component that collects and concentrates incident light. The hybrid component includes both refractive and reflective elements. In preferred embodiments, refractive and reflective components focus rays on a common focal plane generally located at the bottom of the reflector where they are absorbed by a device such as a photovoltaic (solar) cell. Additionally, the optical component combines both imaging and non-imaging optical elements into a single device, for improved overall performance.
1. A hybrid, concentrating optical component, comprising:
i. an aperture;
ii. a reflective optical element that collects and focuses light onto a first target for a first portion of the aperture; and
iii. a refractive optical element that collects and focuses light onto a second target for a second portion of the aperture,
wherein at least one of the first and second targets is an aperture of one or more secondary optics.
2. The hybrid concentrating optical component of claim 1 , wherein the first and second targets are the same.
3. The hybrid concentrating optical component of claim 1 , wherein the first and second targets comprise a portion of a common focal plane.
4. The hybrid concentrating optical component of claim 3 , wherein the common focal plane is proximal to a bottom focus of the optical system.
5. The hybrid concentrating optical component of claim 1 , wherein the component concentrates light onto a line.
6. The hybrid concentrating optical component of claim 1 , wherein the component concentrates light onto a point.
7. The hybrid concentrating optical component of claim 1 , wherein the component is a constituent of a system that is self powered.
8. The hybrid concentrating optical component of claim 1 , wherein the component is a constituent of a system that includes a plurality of articulating modules, said optical component concentrating light for at least one of said modules.
9. The hybrid concentrating optical component of claim 1 , wherein the reflective element is a bottom focusing, reflective dish.
10. The hybrid concentrating optical component of claim 1 , wherein the reflective element is a bottom focusing reflective trough.
11. A hybrid, concentrating optical component, comprising:
i. an aperture;
ii. a reflective optical element that collects and focuses light onto a first target for a first portion of the aperture; and
iii. a refractive optical element that collects and focuses light onto a second target for a second portion of the aperture, wherein the refractive element comprises a fresnel lens.
12. The hybrid concentrating optical component of claim 11 , wherein the fresnel lens concentrates light onto a line.
13. The hybrid concentrating optical component of claim 11 , wherein the fresnel lens concentrates light onto a point.
14. The hybrid concentrating optical component of claim 1 , wherein the refractive optical clement and the reflective optical element have a common optical axis.
15. The hybrid concentrating optical component of claim 14 , wherein the refractive element is centered upon the common optical axis.
16. The hybrid concentrating optical component of claim 2 , wherein the component comprises an aperture region associated with reflected light that passed through said aperture region and that is non-absorbed by the target, and wherein the refractive optical element is positioned in a manner effective to cause refracted light that passes through said aperture region to be absorbed by the target.
17. The hybrid concentrating optical component of claim 1 , wherein a cover fits over a light receiving end of the reflective optical component, said cover incorporating the refractive optical element.
18. The hybrid concentrating optical component of claim 1 , wherein the refractive element is positioned in a portion of the aperture that is unusable by the reflective element for concentration.
19. The hybrid concentrating optical component of claim 1 , wherein the refractive element is a lens.
20. The hybrid concentrating optical component of claim 1 , wherein the refractive element is a fresnel lens.
21. The hybrid concentrating optical component of claim 1 , wherein the reflective element is a reflecting surface that has a geometry selected from a linear, parabolic, spherical, elliptical, and hyperbolic profile.
22. A hybrid, concentrating optical component, comprising:
i. an aperture;
ii. a reflective optical element that collects and focuses light onto a first target for a first portion of the aperture. wherein said reflective optical element comprises first and second reflective optical elements, each element collecting and concentrating incident light for respective portions of the first portion of the aperture; and
iii. a refractive optical element that collects and focuses light onto a second target for a second portion of the aperture.
23. A hybrid, concentrating optical component, comprising:
i. an aperture;
ii. a reflective optical element that collects and focuses light onto a first target for a first portion of the aperture, wherein the reflective optical element comprises a plurality of facets; and
iii. a refractive optical element that collects and focuses light onto a second target for a second portion of the aperture.
24. A hybrid, concentrating optical component, comprising:
i. an aperture;
ii. a reflective optical element that collects and focuses light onto a first target for a first portion of the aperture;
iii. a refractive optical element that collects and focuses light onto a second target for a second portion of the aperture; and
iv. a path for diffuse radiation to reach a target surface.
25. The hybrid concentrating optical component of claim 24 , wherein the optical path for diffuse radiation impinges on the target surface without being reflected onto the target surface.
26. The hybrid concentrating optical component of claim 25 , wherein the optical path for diffuse radiation impinges on the target surface without being refracted onto the target surface.
27. The hybrid concentrating optical component of claim 11 , wherein the first and second targets are the same.
28. The hybrid concentrating optical component of claim 11 , wherein a cover fits over a light receiving end of the reflective optical component, said cover incorporating the refractive optical element.
29. The hybrid concentrating optical component of claim 11 , wherein the refractive element is positioned in a portion of the aperture that is unusable by the reflective element for concentration.
30. The hybrid concentrating optical component of claim 22 , wherein the first and second targets are the same.
31. The hybrid concentrating optical component of claim 22 , wherein a cover fits over a light receiving end of the reflective optical component, said cover incorporating the refractive optical element.
32. The hybrid concentrating optical component of claim 22 , wherein the refractive element is positioned in a portion of the aperture that is unusable by the reflective element for concentration.
33. The hybrid concentrating optical component of claim 23 , wherein the first and second targets are the same.
34. The hybrid concentrating optical component of claim 23 , wherein a cover fits over a light receiving end of the reflective optical component, said cover incorporating the refractive optical element.
35. The hybrid concentrating optical component of claim 23 , wherein the refractive element is positioned in a portion of the aperture that is unusable by the reflective element for concentration.
36. The hybrid concentrating optical component of claim 24 , wherein the first and second targets are the same.
37. The hybrid concentrating optical component of claim 24 , wherein a cover fits over a light receiving end of the reflective optical component, said cover incorporating the refractive optical element.
38. The hybrid concentrating optical component of claim 24 , wherein the refractive element is positioned in a portion of the aperture that is unusable by the reflective element for concentration.