Apparatus and method for thermal stabilization of PCB-mounted electronic components within an enclosed housing

1. An apparatus comprising:

a matrix of thermoelectric devices to set thermal gradients across an electronic component within an enclosed housing;

a matrix of thermosensitive devices to measure thermal gradients associated with the electronic component;

a first thermosensitive device external to the enclosed housing for measuring an ambient temperature variation outside the enclosed housing;

a controller for controlling the heat applied by the matrix of thermoelectric devices based on the thermal gradients measured by the matrix of thermosensitive devices and the first thermosensitive device, and based on a matrix of thermocouple coefficients including parasitic thermal impedance coefficients associated with the ambient temperature variation measured by the first thermosensitive device.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electronic component is selected from a surface mounted and a through-hole mounted component mounted on a first surface of a printed circuit board substrate.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the matrix of thermoelectric devices includes a plurality of thermoelectric devices arranged in a two-dimensional grid in a second surface of the substrate opposite the first surface.

4. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the matrix of thermosensitive devices includes a plurality of thermosensitive devices mounted in a two-dimensional grid on the first surface of the substrate surrounding the electronic component.

5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the plurality of thermosensitive devices are mounted on a surface of the electronic component.

6. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the plurality of thermoelectric devices comprises a plurality of heating devices having a plurality of resistive elements.

7. The apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the plurality of thermoelectric devices comprises a plurality of Peltier devices.

8. The apparatus of claim 3 , further comprising a thermal conducting compound between the electronic component and the second surface of the substrate.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 , further comprising an electronic magnetic interference and radio frequency interference shield enclosing the electronic component.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the plurality of thermoelectric devices are arranged to distribute heat to the electronic component in a thermal dispersion pattern.

11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the electronic component comprises a crystal oscillator.

12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the controller comprises a multiple-input, multiple-output controller.

13. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the matrix of thermocouple coefficients comprises a plurality of thermocouple coefficients corresponding to a set of thermal gradients detected by the matrix of thermosensitive devices and a set of voltage values generated by the matrix of thermoelectric devices.

14. A method for stabilizing the temperature of an electronic component mounted on a printed circuit board substrate and within an enclosed housing, comprising:

heating the electronic component with a matrix of thermoelectric devices arranged in a first surface of the substrate opposite to a second surface of the substrate mounting the electronic component;

measuring thermal gradients surrounding the electronic component with a matrix of thermosensitive devices mounted on the second surface of the substrate;

measuring an ambient temperature variation outside the enclosed housing with a first thermosensitive device external to the enclosed housing; and

controlling the heat applied by the matrix of thermoelectric devices based on the thermal gradients measured by the matrix of thermosensitive devices and the first thermosensitive device, and based on a matrix of thermocouple coefficients including parasitic thermal impedance coefficients associated with the ambient temperature variation measured by the first thermosensitive device.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein heating the electronic component comprises applying a set of currents to the matrix of thermoelectric devices for distributing heat in a thermal dispersion pattern to the electronic component.

16. The method of claim 15 , wherein measuring thermal gradients comprises measuring a temperature variation at the matrix of thermosensitive devices, wherein the temperature variation is generated by the set of currents, and wherein the temperature variation includes the ambient temperature variation.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein controlling the heat comprises controlling the set of currents applied to the matrix of thermoelectric devices.