Process for producing microbial fat or oil having lowered unsaponifiable matter content and said fat or oil
A process for producing a crude oil having lowered unsaponifiable matter content and/or ester-type sterol content and comprising a highly unsaturated fatty acid as a constituent fatty acid, characterized in that a microorganism capable of producing a fat or oil comprising an unsaturated fatty acid as a constituent fatty acid is cultured in a medium containing a nitrogen source concentration of 2 to 15% within a culture tank equipped with an agitation impeller satisfying the requirement that the ratio of the diameter of agitation impeller (=d) to the inner diameter of the culture tank (=D) is d/D=0.30 to 0.6.
1. A process for producing a crude oil having lowered unsaponifiable matter content and/or ester-type sterol content and a highly unsaturated fatty acid as a constituent fatty acid, comprising obtaining a microorganism capable of producing a fat or oil comprising an unsaturated fatty acid as a constituent fatty acid and culturing the microorganism in a medium containing a nitrogen source concentration of 2 to 15% within a culture tank equipped with an agitation impeller satisfying the requirement that the ratio of the diameter of agitation impeller (=d) to the inner diameter of the culture tank (=D) is d/D=0.30 to 0.6.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the ratio of the diameter of agitation impeller (=d) to the inner diameter of the culture tank (=D) is d/D=0.34 to 0.6.
3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the nitrogen source contains a nitrogen source which has been sterilized at a pH of not more than 5.
4. The process according to claim 1 further comprising a step of refining the crude.
5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein not less than 70% of the fat or oil comprising said highly unsaturated fatty acid as the constituent fatty acid is accounted for by a triglyceride.
6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the highly unsaturated fatty acid constituting the fat or oil is γ-linolenic acid (18:3 ω6), dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (20:3 6), arachidonic acid (20:4 ω6), 7,10,13,16-docosatetraenoic acid (22:4 ω6), 4,7,10,13,16-docosapentaenoic acid (22:5 ω6), α-linolenic acid (18:3 ω3), 6,9,12,15-octadecatetraenoic acid (18:4 ω3), 8,11,14,17-eicosatetraenoic acid (20:4 ω3), eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 ω3), 7,10,13,16,19-docosapentaenoic acid (22:5 ω3), 4,7,10,13,16,19-docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 ω3), 6,9-octadecadienoic acid (18:2 ω9), 8,11-eicosadienoic acid (20:2 ω9), or 5,8,11-eicosatrienoic acid (Mead acid: 20:3 ω9) or a combination of two or more of them.
7. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the microorganism is one belonging to the genus Mortierella, Conidiobolus, Pythium, Phytophthora, Penicillium, Cladosporium, Mucor, Fusarium, Aspergillus, Rhodotorula, Entomophthora, Echinosporangium , or Saprolegnia.
8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein said microorganism is one belonging to the genus Mortierella , subgenus Mortierella.
9. The process according to claim 8 , wherein the microorganism belonging to the subgenus Mortierella is the species alpina belonging to the genus Mortierella.
10. A crude oil comprising a fat or oil having lowered unsaponifiable matter content and/or ester-type sterol content comprising, as a constituent fatty acid, a highly unsaturated fatty acid, wherein the ester-type sterol content of the fat or oil is 0.8% by weight or less; said highly unsaturated fatty acid content is 30% by weight or more; and the content of triglyceride is 90% by weight or more based on the total fatty acid in the fat or oil.
11. A therapeutic nutrition food comprising the crude oil of claim 10 and/or the refined fat or oil obtained by refining the crude oil.
12. A food for animals or fishes, comprising the crude oil of claim 10 and/or the refined fat or oil obtained by refining the crude oil.
13. A pharmaceutical composition, comprising the crude oil of claim 10 and/or the refined fat or oil obtained by refining the crude oil.
14. A pharmaceutical composition prepared by using the crude oil of claim 10 and/or the refined fat or oil obtained by refining the crude oil.
15. The process according to claim 4 , wherein not less than 70% of the fat or oil comprising said highly unsaturated fatty acid as the constituent fatty acid is accounted for by a triglyceride.
16. The therapeutic nutrition food according to claim 11 , further comprising a neutral carrier suitable for oral, intrarectal or parenteral administration.
17. A general food and drink, a functional food, a nutrition supplement, a formula for premature babies, a formula for mature babies, a food for infants, a food for expectant and nursing mothers, or a food for aged persons, comprising the crude oil and/or the refined fat or oil according to claim 10 .
18. A refined oil comprising a fat or oil having lowered unsaponifiable matter content and/or ester-type sterol content comprising, as a constituent fatty acid, a highly unsaturated fatty acid, wherein the ester-type sterol content of the fat or oil is 0.8% by weight or less; said highly unsaturated fatty acid content is 30% by weight or more; and the content of triglyceride is 90% by weight or more based on the total fatty acid in the fat or oil.
19. The crude oil according to claim 10 , wherein the content of triglyceride is 94% by weight or more.
20. The crude oil according to claim 18 , wherein the content of triglyceride is 94% by weight or more.