Cyanooxime inhibitors of carbonyl reductase and methods of using said inhibitors in treatments involving anthracyclines
Compositions of matter for treating cancer patients are used to prevent or limit cardiotoxicity during or after treatment with anthracycline drugs, and to prevent or lower resistance to anthracycline drugs, both of which are believed to be caused by the human enzyme carbonyl reductase. Preferred embodiments comprise a pharmaceutical composition comprising compounds having halogenated (or pseudo-halogenated) aryl groups, preferably halogenated (or pseudo-halogenated) arylcyanooximes or phenylcyanooximes and derivatives or analogs thereof, including those comprising —CL or —F, or other substituents on an aryl/phenyl ring. The preferred composition of arylcyanooxime(s) may be administered in a pharmaceutical composition also comprising at least one anthracycline compound, or may be administered separately from the at least one anthracycline compound.
1. A pharmaceutical composition for reducing cardiotoxicity during anthracycline cancer treatment, the composition comprising at least one anthracycline compound selected from the group consisting of adriamycin, daunomycin, daunorubicin, doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, and mixtures of two or more thereof, and at least one compound adapted to limit formation of anthracycline alcohol metabolite(s) and being a human carbonyl reductase enzyme inhibitor selected from the group consisting of: oximino(2,4-difluorophenyl)acetonitrile (“C1”), oximino(2,6-difluorophenyl)acetonitrile (“C2”), oximino(2,5-difluorophenyl)acetonitrile (“C3”), oximino(2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl)acetonitrile (“C4”), oximino(2,4-dichlorophenyl)acetonitrile (“C5”), oximino(2,6-dichlorophenyl)acetonitrile (“C6), and mixtures of two or more thereof, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises an amount of said anthracycline compound effective for cancer cell cytotoxicity, and the pharmaceutical composition comprises an amount of human carbonyl reductase enzyme inhibitor such that the concentration gives a K ii value in the range of 10.8-72 μM.
2. A composition as in claim 1 wherein said human carbonyl reductase enzyme inhibitor is made by nitrosating a substituted phenylacetonitrile by treatment with gaseous methylnitrite, CH 3 ONO, at room temperature or below.