Diazaphosphacycle transition metal complexes

1. A method for synthesizing a transition metal complex, comprising, reacting a diazaphosphacycle of formula III with a starting transition metal complex to provide the transition metal complex, wherein the phosphorous atom of the diazaphosphacycle is bonded to the transition metal and the diazaphosphacycle of formula III has the following structure

wherein

R 1 is selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted and unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted alkenyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted cycloalkyl groups, and unsubstituted ferrocenyl groups;

R 2 and R 3 are independently selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted aryl groups, substituted and unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted cycloalkyl groups, unsubstituted heterocyclyl groups, and unsubstituted ferrocenyl groups;

R 4 is selected from the group consisting of —H, substituted and unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted cycloalkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted aryl groups, trialkylsilyl groups, triarylsilyl groups, alkyldiarylsilyl groups, dialkylarylsilyl groups, —C(═O)—R 6 groups, —S(═O) 2 —R 6 groups, —P(═O)R 6 R 7 groups, and —C(═NR 6 )—R 7 groups;

R 5 is selected from the group consisting of —H, substituted and unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted cycloalkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted aryl groups, trialkylsilyl groups, triarylsilyl groups, alkyldiarylsilyl groups, dialkylarylsilyl groups, —C(═O)—R 7 groups, —S(═O) 2 —R 6 groups, —P(═O)R 6 R 7 groups, and —C(═NR 6 )—R 7 groups;

R 6 is selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted alkenyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted cycloalkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted aryl groups, —OH groups, substituted and unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted and unsubstituted aryloxy groups, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(aryl) 2 groups, —N(alkyl) 2 groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —S-alkyl groups, and S-aryl groups;

R 7 is selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted alkenyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted cycloalkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted aryl groups, —OH groups, substituted and unsubstituted alkoxy groups, substituted and unsubstituted aryloxy groups, —NH(alkyl) groups, —NH(aryl) groups, —N(aryl) 2 groups, —N(alkyl) 2 groups, —N(alkyl)(aryl) groups, —S-alkyl groups, and S-aryl groups;

R 6 and R 7 may be part of the same alkyl group, alkenyl group, or aryl group such that R 4 and R 5 together with the two nitrogen atoms of the diazaphosphacycle form a ring; and

Y has the formula —(CH 2 ) n — wherein n is 0

and further wherein

substituted alkyl groups and substituted alkenyl groups are unsubstituted alkyl groups and unsubstituted alkenyl groups, in which one or more bonds to a carbon or hydrogen is replaced by a bond to a substituent selected from a F, Cl, Br, or I atom in a halide; a O atom in a hydroxyl group, alkoxy group, aryloxy group, ester group, carbonyl group, or carboxyl group; a S atom in a thiol group, alkyl sulfide group, aryl sulfide group, sulfone group, sulfonyl group, or sulfoxide group; a N atom in an amine group, amide group, alkylamine group, dialkylamine group, arylamine group, alkylarylamine group, diarylaimine group, N-oxide group, imide group, enamine group, imine group, oxime group, hydrazone group, or nitrile group; a Si atom in a trialkylsilyl group, dialkylarylsilyl group, alkyldiarylsilyl group, or triarylsilyl group; or a P atom in a phosphine group or phosphoryl group;

substituted cycloalkyl groups are unsubstituted cycloalkyl groups, in which one or more bonds to a carbon or hydrogen is replaced by a bond to a substituent selected from the group consisting of any of the substituents defined above, an unsubstituted alkyl group as defined above, or a substituted alkyl group as defined above; and

substituted aryl groups are unsubstituted aryl groups as defined above, in which one or more bonds to a carbon or hydrogen is replaced by a bond to a substituent selected from the group consisting of any of the substituents defined above, an unsubstituted alkyl group as defined above, or a substituted alkyl group as defined above.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the starting transition metal complex comprises at least one ligand that is replaced by the diazaphosphacycle.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the at least one ligand that is replaced by the diazaphosphacycle is selected from the group consisting of phosphines, amines, diamines, CO, Cl, Br, nitriles, 1,5-cyclooctadiene, norbornadiene, and other dienes, alkenes, arenes, ketones, alcohols, ethers, thiols, and sulfoxides.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the diazaphosphacycle has the formula X

wherein L is a linking group selected from the group consisting of substituted and unsubstituted alkyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted alkenyl groups, substituted and unsubstituted aryl groups, and unsubstituted ferrocenyl groups.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transition metal is selected from the group consisting of Rh, Ru, Pd, Pt, Ir, Ni, Co, and Fe.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 4 and R 5 are both —H.

7. The method of claim 1 , wherein R 4 is a —C(═O)—R 6 group and R 5 is a —C(═O)—R 7 group.

8. The method of claim 1 , wherein, the diazaphosphacycle has the formula IX

wherein the aromatic benzene ring in the diazaphosphacycle of formula IX may be a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic benzene ring, wherein a substituted aromatic benzene ring is an unsubstituted aromatic benzene ring in which one or more bonds to a carbon or hydrogen is replaced by a bond to a substituent selected from the group consisting of any of the substituents defined above, an unsubstituted alkyl group, or a substituted alkyl group as defined above.

9. The method of claim 4 , wherein L is selected from the group consisting of ethane, ethylene, propane, benzene, anthracene, 9,10-dihydroanthracene, xanthene, and ferrocene.

10. The method of claim 4 , wherein the transition metal is selected from the group consisting of Rh, Ru, Pd, Pt, Ir, Ni, Co, and Fe.

11. The method of claim 4 , wherein two of the phosphorus atoms of the diazaphosphacycle are bonded to the transition metal.