Method for modifying gene expression of a phytopathogenic fungus

1. A method of producing a plant cell resistant to a phytopathogenic fungus, comprising the following steps:

a) introducing into a plant cell a construct comprising:

a promoter regulatory sequence that is functional in the plant cell, operably linked to

a DNA sequence which, when it is transcribed, generates an RNA molecule comprising at least a sense sequence and an antisense sequence which are at least partially complementary, said sense sequence comprising a sequence essentially homologous to a fungal gene essential to the fungus or to its phytopathogenicity, said antisense sequence comprising a sequence essentially homologous to the sequence complementary to said fungal gene, wherein said RNA molecule targets said fungal gene, and

a terminator regulatory sequence, resulting in a transformed plant cell;

b) placing the transformed cell in culture under conditions that allow the transcription of the construct, and

c) selecting the transformed cell that is resistant to the phytopathogenic fungus.

2. A method of producing a plant resistant to a phytopathogenic fungus, comprising the step of regenerating a plant from the transformed cell of claim 1 .

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the selection step in performed before the transformed cell is placed in culture under conditions that allow the transcription of the construct.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the sense and antisense nucleotide sequences are separated by a polynucleotide that does not exhibit any homology with the fungal gene.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the sense and antisense nucleotide sequences have different sizes.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the fungal gene is a gene essential to the fungus.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the fungal gene is chosen from the group consisting of erg11, erg6, aur1, ipt, ef2, ef3, met4, met30, ilv5, and a gene encoding beta-tubulin.

8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the fungal gene is gene encoding beta-tubulin.

9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the DNA sequence is represented by the sequence identifier SEQ ID No. 4.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the plant is tobacco and the phytopathogenic fungus is Cercospora nicotianae.

11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fungal gene is a gene essential to the pathogenicity of the fungus.

12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the fungal gene is chosen from the group consisting of tri5, fum5, 763, a gene encoding polygalacturonase, and a buf gene.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the fungal gene is a buf gene.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the DNA sequence is represented by the sequence identifier SEQ ID No. 13.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the plant is rice and the phytopathogenic fungus is Magnaporthe grisea.

16. A plant cell resistant to a phytopathogenic fungus, comprising

a construct comprising

a promoter regulatory sequence that is functional in the plant, operably linked to

a DNA sequence which, when it is transcribed, generates an RNA molecule comprising at least a sense sequence and an antisense sequence which are at least partially complementary, said sense sequence comprising a sequence essentially homologous to a fungal gene essential to the fungus or to its phytopathogenicity, said antisense sequence comprising a sequence essentially homologous to the sequence complementary to said essential fungal gene, wherein said RNA molecule targets said fungal gene, and

a terminator regulatory sequence.

17. The plant cell of claim 16 , which is contained in a plant which is resistant to a phytopathogenic fungus.

18. The plant cell of claim 16 , wherein the sense and antisense nucleotide sequences are separated by a polynucleotide that does not exhibit any homology with the target gene.

19. The plant cell of claim 16 , wherein the sense and antisense nucleotide sequences have different sizes.

20. The plant cell of claim 16 , wherein the fungal gene is a gene essential to the fungus.

21. The plant cell of claim 16 , wherein the fungal gene is chosen from the group consisting of erg11, erg6, aur1, ipt, ef3, ef2, met4, met30, ilv5, and a gene encoding beta-tubulin.

22. The plant cell of claim 16 , wherein the fungal gene is a gene encoding beta-tubulin.

23. The plant cell of claim 16 , wherein the DNA sequence is represented by the sequence identifier SEQ ID No. 4.

24. The plant cell of claim 16 , wherein the fungal gene is a gene essential to the pathogenicity of the fungus.

25. The plant cell of claim 16 , wherein the fungal gene is chosen from the group consisting of tri5, fum5, 763, a gene encoding polygalacturonase, and a buf gene.

26. The plant cell of claim 25 , wherein the fungal gene is a buf gene.

27. The plant cell of claim 26 , wherein the DNA sequence is represented by the sequence identifier SEQ ID No. 13.

28. The plant of claim 17 , which is a monocotyledon.

29. The plant of claim 28 , which is selected from the group consisting of wheat, maize and rice.

30. The plant of claim 29 , which is a rice plant resistant to Magnaporthe grisea , wherein the DNA sequence is represented by the sequence identifier SEQ ID No. 13.

31. The plant of claim 17 , which is a dicotyledon.

32. The plant of claim 31 , which is selected from the group consisting of rapeseed, soybean, tobacco and cotton.

33. The plant of claim 32 which is a tobacco plant resistant to Cercospora nicotianae , wherein the DNA sequence is represented by the sequence identifier SEQ ID No. 4.

34. A method for identifying a gene essential to the development or to the pathogenicity of a phytopathogenic fungus, comprising the following steps:

a) transforming a plant cell or a plant with a construct comprising:

a promoter regulatory sequence that is functional in the plant cell or plant, operably linked to

a DNA sequence which, when it is transcribed, generates an RNA molecule comprising at least a sense sequence and an antisense sequence which are at least partially complementary, said sense sequence comprising a sequence essentially homologous to a phytopathogenic fungus gene, said antisense sequence comprising a sequence essentially homologous to the sequence complementary to said phytopathogenic fungus gene, wherein said RNA molecule targets said phytopathogenic fungus gene and

a terminator regulatory sequence,

b) bringing the cells or the plants thus transformed into contact with the phytopathogenic fungus,

c) studying the resulting phenotype, and

d) characterizing the gene corresponding to the sequence of nucleotides thus inserted.

35. A method for inhibiting the expression of a fungal gene, comprising the following steps:

a) transforming a plant cell with a construct comprising:

a promoter regulatory sequence that is functional in the plant cell, operably linked to

a DNA sequence which, when it is transcribed, generates an RNA molecule comprising at least a sense sequence and an antisense sequence which are at least partially complementary, said sense sequence comprising a sequence essentially homologous to a fungal gene essential to the fungus or to its phytopathogenicity, said antisense sequence comprising a sequence essentially homologous to the sequence complementary to said fungal gene, wherein said RNA molecule targets said fungal gene,

a terminator regulatory sequence,

b) placing the cell thus transformed in culture under conditions that allow the transcription of said construct, and

c) allowing the plant cell to contact the fungus.

36. The method of claim 35 , comprising an additional step of regenerating the transformed cell to form a plant.