Electron beam emitter for sterilizing containers
An electron beam emitter including a vacuum chamber having a width. An electron generator can be positioned within the vacuum chamber for generating electrons. An elongate nozzle can extend from the vacuum chamber along a longitudinal axis and have an exit window at a distal end of the nozzle. The nozzle can have a width that is less than the width of the vacuum chamber. The electron generator can be shaped and dimensioned, and positioned with the vacuum chamber to form and direct a narrow electron beam that enters and travels through the nozzle, and exits out the exit window.
1. An electron beam emitter for sterilizing containers comprising:
a vacuum chamber having a width;
an electron generator positioned within the vacuum chamber for generating electrons; and
an elongate nozzle extending from the vacuum chamber along a longitudinal axis and having an exit window at a distal end of the nozzle, the nozzle having a width that is less than the width of the vacuum chamber, the electron generator being shaped and dimensioned, and positioned within the vacuum chamber to form and direct a narrow electron beam that enters and travels through the nozzle, and exits out the exit window, the electron generator including a housing, the electron beam exiting the housing of the electron beam generator in a narrowing manner, whereby an initial focusing lens is positioned within the housing for providing initial focusing of the electrons within the housing, and the housing having an axial end with an opening shaped for forming a second lens for providing further progressive focusing of the electrons as the electron beam exits the housing of the electron generator.
2. The emitter of claim 1 in which the nozzle has a generally circular periphery, and has a diameter.
3. The emitter of claim 2 in which the vacuum chamber has a generally circular periphery, and has a diameter that is larger than the diameter of the nozzle.
4. The emitter of claim 2 in which the nozzle has a length, and a length to diameter ratio of at least about 3:1.
5. The emitter of claim 3 in which the electron generator has a housing with a diameter that is about the same as the diameter of the nozzle.
6. The emitter of claim 3 in which emitter has a vacuum chamber diameter to nozzle diameter ratio of at least about 2:1.
7. The emitter of claim 1 in which the electron generator is shaped and dimensioned, and positioned to form the electron beam with a converging portion that converges within the nozzle, followed by a diverging portion that diverges within the nozzle before reaching the exit window.
8. The emitter of claim 7 in which the electron beam further diverges after exiting the exit window.
9. The emitter of claim 1 in which the electron generator includes an electron generating filament having a portion that is oriented generally longitudinally in line with the longitudinal axis of the nozzle.
10. A method of generating an electron beam for sterilizing containers comprising:
generating electrons with an electron generator positioned within a vacuum chamber, the vacuum chamber having a width;
extending an elongate nozzle from the vacuum chamber along a longitudinal axis, the nozzle having an exit window at a distal end of the nozzle, the nozzle having a width that is less than the width of the vacuum chamber; and
shaping and dimensioning, and positioning the electron generator within the vacuum chamber to form and direct a narrow electron beam that enters and travels through the nozzle, and exits out the exit window, the electron generator including a housing, the electron beam exiting the housing of the electron beam generator in a narrowing manner, whereby an initial focusing lens is positioned within the housing for providing initial focusing of the electrons within the housing, and the housing having an axial end with an opening shaped for forming a second lens for providing further progressive focusing of the electrons as the electron beam exits the housing of the electron generator.
11. The method of claim 10 further comprising providing the nozzle with a generally circular periphery, and a diameter.
12. The method of claim 11 further comprising providing the vacuum chamber with a generally circular periphery, and a diameter that is larger than the diameter of the nozzle.
13. The method of claim 11 further comprising providing the nozzle with a length, and a length to diameter ratio of at least about 3:1.
14. The method of claim 12 further comprising providing the electron generator with a housing having a diameter that is about the same as the diameter of the nozzle.
15. The method of claim 12 , further comprising providing a vacuum chamber diameter to nozzle diameter ratio of at least about 2:1.
16. The method of claim 10 further comprising shaping and dimensioning, and positioning the electron generator to form the electron beam with a converging portion that converges within the nozzle, followed by a diverging portion that diverges within the nozzle before reaching the exit window.
17. The method of claim 16 further comprising diverging the electron beam after exiting the exit window.
18. The method of claim 10 in which the electron generator includes an electron generating filament, the method further comprising orienting a portion of the filament generally longitudinally in line with the longitudinal axis of the nozzle.
19. A method of irradiating an interior of a bottle for sterilizing, the bottle having a neck, the method comprising:
generating electrons with an electron generator positioned within a vacuum chamber, the vacuum chamber having a width;
extending an elongate nozzle from the vacuum chamber along a longitudinal axis, the nozzle having an exit window at a distal end of the nozzle, the nozzle having a width that is less than the width of the vacuum chamber;
shaping and dimensioning, and positioning the electron generator within the vacuum chamber to form and direct a narrow electron beam that enters and travels through the nozzle, and exits out the exit window, the electron generator including a housing, the electron beam exiting the housing of the electron beam generator in a narrowing manner, whereby an initial focusing lens is positioned within the housing for providing initial focusing of the electrons within the housing, and the housing having an axial end with an opening shaped for forming a second lens for providing further progressive focusing of the electrons as the electron beam exits the housing of the electron generator; and
inserting the nozzle through the neck of the bottle and irradiating the interior with the electron beam.
20. The method of claim 19 further comprising providing the elongate nozzle with a generally circular periphery, and a diameter.
21. The method of claim 20 further comprising providing the vacuum chamber with a generally circular periphery, and a diameter that is larger than the diameter of the nozzle.
22. The method of claim 20 further comprising providing the nozzle with a length, and a length to diameter ratio of at least about 3:1.
23. The method of claim 21 further comprising providing the electron generator with a housing having a diameter that is about the same as the diameter of the nozzle.
24. The method of claim 21 further comprising providing a vacuum chamber diameter to nozzle diameter ratio of at least about 2:1.
25. The method of claim 19 further comprising shaping and dimensioning, and positioning the electron generator to form the electron beam with a converging portion that converges within the nozzle, followed by a diverging portion that diverges within the nozzle before reaching the exit window.
26. The method of claim 25 further comprising diverging the electron beam after exiting the exit window.
27. The method of claim 19 in which the electron generator includes an electron generating filament, the method further comprising orienting a portion of the filament generally longitudinally in line with the longitudinal axis of the nozzle.
28. The method of claim 19 further comprising moving the bottle and the nozzle relative to each other during irradiation.
29. The method of claim 19 further comprising assisting the distribution of the electron beam within the interior of the bottle with at least one electron directing member adjacent to the bottle.
30. The method of claim 19 in which interior of the bottle has an ambient gaseous environment, the method further comprising modifying the gaseous environment within the bottle.