Directionally emitting radioactive sources for brachytherapy
Radioactive sources for implanting in tissue to treat tumors and to provide a directional dose to allow improved dose placement, particularly at the interface between healthy and diseased tissue.
1. A brachytherapy system comprising
a plurality of radiation sources having an axis and non-circular cross section perpendicular to that axis, the radiation source providing a predetermined directional emission of radiation varying with angles about the axis
a needle adapted for penetration of tissue and rotation along a needle axis therein and implantation of the radiation sources into the tissue when inserted wherein the needle provides a noncircular lumen having a cross section keyed to the non-circular cross sections of the radiation sources to slideably receive the radiation sources and to prevent rotation of the radiation sources about the axis with respect to the needle when the radiation sources are slid within the needle lumen the prevention of rotation resulting from a geometric interference between lumen walls and the non circular cross section of the radiation sources, and wherein the needle has an open distal end for ejection of the radiation sources into tissue;
whereby angulation of the radiation source may be adjusted by rotation of the needle during implantation of successive seeds radiation sources;
wherein the radiation sources are physically independent radioactive elements adapted for retention in the tissue after removal of the needle.
2. The brachytherapy system of claim 1 wherein the needle includes a distal portion remaining outside a human body when the radioactive sources are being implanted and wherein the distal portion includes a marking having a predetermined relationship to the lumen indicating an angulation of the radioactive sources within the lumen.
3. The brachytherapy system of claim 1 wherein the radiation sources are radioactive seeds with an asymmetric shield partially blocking radiation from the radioactive source; and
wherein a radioactive portion of the seeds has a non-circular cross-section taken across the longitudinal axis providing a sharper transition in the variation of radiation than a circular cross section.
4. The brachytherapy system of claim 3 wherein the asymmetrical shield is substantially flat.
5. The brachytherapy source of claim 1 , wherein the cross section of the outer surface of the needle is different than the cross section of the lumen thereof.