Coating composition
The invention relates to a high gloss car wash-resistant coating composition comprising an epoxy-functional binder and a cross-linker reactive with the epoxy groups of the binder and a method to prepare such a car wash-resistant coating. The invention further relates to the use of said coating composition, as a pigment-free top coat or a clear coat, in the finishing and refinishing of articles, for example motorcycles, cars, trains, buses, trucks, and aeroplanes. The coating composition after curing forms a coating having an initial gloss of at least 81 GU and a loss of gloss (LoG) of less than 0.25, the loss of gloss being determined by the formula (I) LoG =(1− e (A/X) /(1+ e K )+(1−e D*ΔTg ) (I) wherein K=B*(Tg onset −C) In formula I A=−8.03, B=−0.21, C=328 and D=−0.00304. X reflects the cross-link density parameter in kPa/K, Tg onset the onset temperature of the Tg transition in K and ΔTg the width of the glass transition temperature in K, all three parameters determined in a dynamic mechanical thermal analysis test (hereinafter “DMTA”) at 11 Hz and a heating rate of 5° C./min.
1. Coating composition for the manufacture of a car wash-resistant coating, comprising:
at least one epoxy-functional binder selected from the group of epoxy-functional acrylic binders, epoxy-functional polyester binders or epoxy-functional polyether binders; and
one or more acid functional cross-linkers, and optionally at least one of: anhydride, amino and isocyanate functional cross-linkers, wherein the cross-linkers are reactive with reactive groups of the binder,
wherein the binder and cross-linker are selected such that, after curing to a coating, the coating has an initial gloss of at least 81 GU and a loss of gloss (LoG) of less than 0.25, and
wherein, in case the binder is an acrylic binder, the acrylic binder comprises:
at least 20 weight percent based on the total weight of monomers of epoxy group-containing monomers,
more than 10 mole percent of monomers selected from a group of non-epoxy-functional low Tg monomers with a monomer Tg not exceeding 253K for acrylic non-epoxy-functional monomers, or not exceeding 293 K for methacrylic or non-acrylic non-epoxy-functional monomers, and
an average epoxy equivalent weight value of between 200 and 700 g/mol, and a free surplus hydroxyl value less than 30 mg KOH/g solid coating.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the loss of gloss is determined by the formula
L=A 1 +A 2 *Mn+A 3 *LPF+A 4 *EEW+A 5 *CL+A 6 *AVX+A 7 *MF+A 8 *NCO+A 9 * Mn*CL+A 10 *Mn*AVX+A 11 *Mn*MF+A 12*( LPF ) 2
wherein L represents the observed loss of gloss of the coating composition, Mn represents the number average molecular weight of all epoxy functional binders in the composition,
LPF is the weight averaged low polar fraction of low-Tg monomers in the epoxy-functional acrylic binder,
EEW is the average epoxy equivalent weight,
CL is the carbon length of the crosslinkers,
AVX is the weight averaged acid value of the acid functional crosslinker,
MF is the weight fraction of the amino cross-linker on total solids in the coating composition,
NCO is defined as the total concentration of NCO groups present in the cured coating composition expressed in mmole NCO groups/g,
A 1 =0.479, A 2 =0.000932, A 3 =−28.103, A 4 =−0.000858, A 5 =6.788, A 6 =0.00920, A 7 =−7.003, A 8 =0.391, A 9 =−0.00269, A 10 =−0.00000343, A 11 =0.00311, and A 12 =79.122.
3. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the coating is substantially siloxane-free.
4. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the coating is substantially pigment-free.
5. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the coating is substantially free of nanoscopic particles.
6. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linker further comprises a functionalised melamine compound.
7. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the cross-linker further comprises an isocyanate- or blocked-isocyanate functional compound.
8. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the crosslinker comprises a lactone as a chain extender.
9. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the crosslinker comprises ε-caprolactone as a chain extender.
10. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the coating is a pigment-free top coat or a clear coat.
11. The coating composition of claim 1 , wherein the coating at least partly coats body parts of motorcycles, cars, trains, buses, trucks, and aeroplanes.
12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the loss of gloss is determined by the formula:
LoG=(1− e (A/X) )/(1+ e K )+(1− e D*ΔTg )
wherein K=B*(Tg onset −C)
A=−8.03, B=−0.21, C=328 and D=−0.00304.
X reflects the cross-link density parameter in kPa/K,
Tg onset is the onset temperature of the Tg transition in K, and
ΔTg the width of the glass transition temperature in K,
wherein X, Tg onset , and ΔTg are determined in a Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) test at 11 Hz and a heating rate of 5° C./min.
13. The coating composition of claim 12 , wherein the ΔTg of the coating is less than 70° C.
14. The coating composition of claim 12 , wherein after curing the coating has a cross-link density parameter X between 7 and 45 kPa/K.
15. A kit of parts for the manufacture of a car wash-resistant coating, comprising a first part comprising at least one acid functional cross-linker and a second part comprising at least one epoxy-functional binder, which when combined form a coating composition according to claim 1 .
16. A method to prepare a car wash-resistant coating, comprising:
applying the composition of claim 1 to a substrate and
curing the composition, wherein after curing the coating has an initial gloss of at least 81 GU and a loss of gloss (LoG) of less than 0.25.
17. The method of claim 16 wherein the coating is cured at a temperature of at least 60° C.
18. The method of claim 16 , further comprising reacting the at least one acid-functional crosslinker with a chain extender at least one of before and during curing.