Toner compositions
A toner having a core with a first latex having a specific glass transition temperature, and further having a shell surrounding the core with a second latex having a specific glass transition temperature and possessing functional groups, and processes for producing the same.
1. A process comprising:
contacting a first latex having a glass transition temperature from about 45° C. to about 65° C., an aqueous colorant dispersion, and an optional wax dispersion to form a blend;
adding a base to increase the pH to a value of from about 4 to about 7;
heating the blend at a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the latex to form an aggregated toner core;
adding a second latex having a glass transition temperature from about 45° C. to about 70° C. to the aggregated toner core, wherein the second latex possesses functional groups selected from the group consisting of silanes, fluoro acrylates, fluoro methacrylates, fluoro styrenes, and combinations thereof, and forms a shell over said toner core forming a core-shell toner;
heating the core-shell toner at a temperature above the glass transition temperature of the first latex and second latex; and
recovering said toner.
2. A process as in claim 1 , wherein the first latex and the second latex are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of styrenes, acrylates, methacrylates, butadienes, isoprenes, acrylic acids, methacrylic acids, acrylonitriles, and combinations thereof.
3. A process as in claim 1 , wherein the first latex and the second latex are the same or different and are selected from the group consisting of poly(styrene-butadiene), poly(methyl methacrylate-butadiene), poly(ethyl methacrylate-butadiene), poly(propyl methacrylate-butadiene), poly(butyl methacrylate-butadiene), poly(methyl acrylate-butadiene), poly(ethyl acrylate-butadiene), poly(propyl acrylate-butadiene), poly(butyl acrylate-butadiene), poly(styrene-isoprene), poly(methylstyrene-isoprene), poly(methyl methacrylate-isoprene), poly(ethyl methacrylate-isoprene), poly(propyl methacrylate-isoprene), poly(butyl methacrylateisoprene), poly(methyl acrylate-isoprene), poly(ethyl acrylate-isoprene), poly(propyl acrylate-isoprene), poly(butyl acrylate-isoprene), poly(styrene-butylacrylate), poly(styrene-butadiene), poly(styrene-butyl methacrylate), poly(styrene-butyl acrylate-acrylic acid), poly(styrene-butadiene-acrylic acid), poly(styrene-isoprene-acrylic acid), poly(styrene-butyl methacrylate-acrylic acid), poly(butyl methacrylate-butyl acrylate), poly(butyl methacrylate-acrylic acid), poly(styrene-butyl acrylate-acrylonitrile-acrylic acid), poly(acrylonitrile-butyl acrylate-acrylic acid), and combinations thereof.
4. A process as in claim 1 , wherein the functional groups of the second latex are selected from the group consisting of (methacryloxymethyl)bis(trimethylsiloxy) methylsilane, (methacryloxymethyl)dimethylethoxysilane, (methacryloxymethyl) phenyldimethylsilane, methacryloxypropyldimethylethoxysilane, methacryloxypropylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymers, methacryloxypropylsilsesquioxanyl-T8-silsesquioxane, 3-methacryloxypropyldimethylchlorosilane, 2-trimethylsiloxyethylacrylate, (3-acryloxypropyl)methyldichlorosilane, (3-acryloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, 3-(N-allylamino)propyltrimethoxysilane, allylaminotrimethylsilane, 2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutyl acrylate, 2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl methacrylate, 4-(trifluoromethyl) styrene, 4-fluorostyrene, 2,6-difluorostyrene, and combinations thereof.
5. A process as in claim 1 , wherein heating the blend occurs at a temperature from about 30° C. to about 60° C. and heating the core-shell toner occurs at a temperature from about 80° C. to about 120° C.
6. A process as in claim 1 , wherein heating the blend occurs at a temperature from about 45° C. to about 55° C. and heating the core-shell toner occurs at a temperature from about 85° C. to about 98° C.
7. A process as in claim 1 , wherein the first latex comprises a poly(styrene-butyl acrylate), and the second latex comprises a poly(styrene-butyl acrylate) functionalized with monomer selected from the group consisting of methacryloxypropyl trimethoxylsilane and 2,6-difluorostyrene.
8. A process of claim 1 , wherein the resulting toner particles have a size from about 1 micron to about 20 microns.
9. A process comprising:
contacting a first latex comprising a poly(styrene-butyl acrylate) having a glass transition temperature from about 45° C. to about 65° C., an aqueous colorant dispersion, and an optional wax dispersion to form a blend;
adding a base to increase the pH to a value of from about 4 to about 7;
heating the blend at a temperature from about 30° C. to about 60° C. to form an aggregated toner core;
adding a second latex comprising a poly(styrene-butyl acrylate) having a glass transition temperature from about 45° C. to about 70° C. to the aggregated toner core, wherein the second latex possesses functional groups selected from the group consisting of silanes, fluoro acrylates, fluoro methacrylates, fluoro styrenes, and combinations thereof, and forms a shell over said toner core forming a core-shell toner;
heating the core-shell toner at a temperature from about 80° C. to about 120° C.; and
recovering said toner.
10. A process as in claim 9 , wherein the functional groups of the second latex are selected from the group consisting of (methacryloxymethyl)bis(trimethylsiloxy) methylsilane, (methacryloxymethyl)dimethylethoxysilane, (methacryloxymethyl) phenyldimethylsilane, methacryloxypropyldimethylethoxysilane, methacryloxypropylmethylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymers, methacryloxypropylsilsesquioxanyl-T8-silsesquioxane, 3-methacryloxypropyldimethylchlorosilane, 2-trimethylsiloxyethylacrylate, (3-acryloxypropyl)methyldichlorosilane, (3-acryloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, 3-(N-allylamino)propyltrimethoxysilane, allylaminotrimethylsilane, 2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluorobutyl acrylate, 2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate, 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl methacrylate, 4-(trifluoromethyl) styrene, 4-fluorostyrene, 2,6-difluorostyrene, and combinations thereof.
11. A process as in claim 9 , wherein heating the blend occurs at a temperature from about 45° C. to about 55° C., heating the core-shell toner occurs at a temperature from about 85° C. to about 98° C., and the resulting toner particles have a size from about 1 micron to about 20 microns.