Methods for preparing perylene/perinone pigments
A method for preparing a perylene pigment or perinone pigment involves a condensation reaction between perylene tetracarboxylic acid or naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid, or anhydrides or imides thereof, and amines in the presence of certain metal catalysts, such as ammonium molybdate, molybdenum oxide, and metal carbonyls, such as hexacarbonylmolybdenum, titanium carbonyl, iron carbonyls, and the like. The use of these catalysts provides various advantages, including the reduction of the amount of the catalyst, while achieves high yields, the lowering of reaction temperatures, and the reduction of insoluble sludge in the reaction mixture, thereby making the reaction operation easier and reducing the amounts of hazardous wastes containing heavy metals.
1. A method for preparing a condensation product, comprising reacting:
(i) a compound selected from the group consisting of a perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid, a 1,4,5,8-naphthalene-tetracarboxylic acid, and anhydrides, imides and mixed anhydride imide thereof;
(ii) an amine; and
(iii) a solvent,
in the presence of an oxidation/reduction catalyst wherein the catalyst is selected from the group consisting of ammonium molybdate, molybdenum oxide, molybdenum carbonyl, titanium carbonyl, and iron carbonyls.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amount of the catalyst is at least about 0.01 mole based on 1 mole of the compound of (i).
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amount of the catalyst is in the range of about 0.01 to about 1 mole based on 1 mole of the compound of (i).
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amount of the catalyst is in the range of about 0.03 to about 0.1 mole based on 1 mole of the compound of (i).
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amount of the catalyst is in the range of about 0.02 to about 0.5 mole based on 1 mole of the compound of (i).
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amine is selected from the group consisting of primary aliphatic monoamines, primary aliphatic diamines, primary aromatic monoamines, and primary aromatic diamines.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amine is selected from the group consisting of methylamine, ethanolamine, 1,4-diaminobutane, ethylenediamine, trimethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, nonamethylenediamine, and decamethylenediamine.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amine is selected from the group consisting of 2-methylaminopyridine, 3-methylaminopyridine, 5-methylpyridin-3-ylamine, 2-amino-4-methyl-pyridine, 2-amino-3-methyl-pyridine, 2-amino-6-methyl-pyridine, aniline, p-toluidine and the like; primary aromatic diamines, such as benzidine, o-phenylenediamine, meta-phenylenediamine, para-phenylenediamine, 1,2-diamino-4-methylbenzene, 1,2-diamino-4-methoxybenzene, 1,2-diamino-4-chlorbenzene, 2,3-diaminonaphthalene, 2,3-diamino pyridine, 3,4-diamino pyridine, 5,6-diamino pyrimidene, 9,10-diamino phenanthrene, 1,8-diamino naphthalene, 4,4′-oxydianiline, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 2,4′-diaminodiphenylmethane, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylether, 2,4′-diaminodiphenylether, 4,4′-diaminobenzophenone, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylsulphone, 3,3′-diaminodiphenylsulphone, 4,4′-diaminodiphenylethane-1,1,4,4′-diaminodiphenylpropane-2,2,4,4′-bis(4-aminophenoxy)-diphenylsulphone.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solvent is selected from the group consisting of nitrobenzene, trichlorobenzene, N-methylpyrrolidone, cyclo-hexylpyrrolidone, benzyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, quinoline, and chlorobenzene.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound (i) is a perylene.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the catalyst is ammonium molybdate.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the amount of the catalyst is in the range of about 0.01 to about 1 mole based on 1 mole of the compound of (i).
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the reaction is carried out at a temperature in the range of about 140° C. to about 300° C.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein the compound (i) is perylene 3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride; and the component (ii) is phenylene diamine or toluidine.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the solvent (iii) is N-methylpyrrolidone.
16. The method of claim 10 , wherein the compound (i) is a perylene monoanhydride; and the component (ii) is phenylene diamine or toluidine.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the compound (i) is a perylene monoimide monoanhydride.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the compound (i) is a naphthalene.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the catalyst is ammonium molybdate.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the amount of the catalyst is in the range of about 0.01 to about 1 mole based on 1 mole of the compound of (i).
21. The method of claim 18 , wherein the reaction is carried out at a temperature in the range of about 80° C. to about 300° C.
22. The method of claim 18 , wherein the compound (i) is 1,4,5,8-naphthalene-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride; and the component (ii) is phenylene diamine or toluidine.
23. The method of claim 22 , wherein the solvent (iii) is glacial acetic acid.
24. The method of claim 18 , wherein the compound (i) is a naphthalene monoanhydride; and the component (ii) is phenylene diamine or toluidine.
25. The method of claim 24 , wherein the compound (i) is a naphthalene monoimide monoanhydride.
26. The method of claim 1 further comprising recovering the condensation product.
27. The method of claim 1 , wherein a molar excess amount of the amine is present.