Method and a system for valuing and analyzing bonds with estate put features
In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a method is disclosed for valuing at least one bond having a nominal lifetime, the bond having estate put and call options and a cash flow value. The method includes the steps of decomposing the bond into a plurality of pieces, the plurality of pieces equal to the number of years of the nominal lifetime of the bond, valuing the estate put, call option, and cash flow of each piece based on an expected mortality rate, and aggregating the estate put, call option, and cash flow values of each piece to determine an aggregate value, wherein the value of the bond is equivalent to the aggregate value. A system also is disclosed for implementing the steps of the method of the present invention to determine the value of the bond.
1. A method of valuing at least one bond having a nominal lifetime with respect to a maturity date, said at least one bond having an estate put, said at least one bond further having a cash flow value, said method comprising the computer-implemented steps of:
providing a computer, said computer having a central processing unit and a computer code operatively associated with said central processing unit which when implemented causes a series of actions;
using said computer to divide said at least one bond into a plurality of pieces, each piece having the same maturity as the bond but having an estate put exercise date in a different year than that of any other piece in said plurality;
using said computer to value said estate put and cash flow of each said piece based on the exercisability of said estate put as determined by the expected mortality rate applicable to said piece's estate put exercise date; and
using said computer to aggregate said estate put and cash flow values of each said piece to determine an aggregate value, wherein said value of said at least one bond is equivalent to said aggregate value.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein said plurality of pieces is based on said nominal lifetime of said at least one bond.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein said plurality of pieces is equal in number to the number of years of said nominal lifetime of said at least one bond.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein said plurality of pieces is based on an expected lifetime of a holder of said at least one bond.
5. The method of claim 4 wherein said expected lifetime is based on said expected mortality rate or a mortality table.
6. A system for determining the value of at least one bond having a nominal lifetime, said at least one bond having an estate put, said at least one bond further having a cash flow value, said system comprising:
a computer having a central processing unit; and
a computer code operatively associated with said central processing unit, said computer code comprising:
a first set of instructions configured to divide said at least one bond into a plurality of pieces, each piece having the same maturity as the bond but having an estate put exercise date in a different year than that of any other piece in said plurality;
a second set of instructions configured to value said estate put and cash flow of each said piece based on the exercisability of said estate put as determined by the expected mortality rate applicable to said piece's estate put exercise date; and
a third set of instructions configured to aggregate said estate put and cash flow values of each said piece to determine an aggregate value, wherein said value of said at least one bond is equivalent to said aggregate value.
7. The system of claim 6 wherein said plurality of pieces is based on said nominal lifetime of said at least one bond.
8. The system of claim 7 wherein said plurality of pieces is equal in number to the number of years of said nominal lifetime of said at least one bond.
9. The system of claim 6 wherein said plurality of pieces is based on an expected lifetime of a holder of said at least one bond.
10. The system of claim 9 wherein said expected lifetime is based on said expected mortality rate or a mortality table.
11. A method of valuing at least one certificate of deposit having a nominal lifetime, said at least one certificate of deposit having an estate put, said at least one certificate of deposit further having a cash flow value, said method comprising the computer-implemented steps of:
providing a computer, said computer having a central processing unit and a computer code operatively associated with said central processing unit which when implemented causes a series of actions;
using said computer to divide said at least one certificate of deposit into a plurality of pieces, each piece having the same maturity as the certificate of deposit but having an estate put exercise date in a different year than that of any other piece in said plurality;
using said computer to value said estate put and cash flow of each said piece based on the exercisability of said estate put as determined by the expected mortality rate applicable to said piece's estate put exercise date; and
using said computer to aggregate said estate put and cash flow values of each said piece to determine an aggregate value, wherein said value of said at least one certificate of deposit is equivalent to said aggregate value.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein said plurality of pieces is based on said nominal lifetime of said at least one certificate of deposit.
13. The method of claim 12 wherein said plurality of pieces is equal in number to the number of years of said nominal lifetime of said at least one certificate of deposit.
14. The method of claim 11 wherein said plurality of pieces is based on an expected lifetime of a holder of said at least one certificate of deposit.
15. The method of claim 14 wherein said expected lifetime is based on said expected mortality rate or a mortality table.
16. A system for determining the value of at least one certificate of deposit having a nominal lifetime, said at least one certificate of deposit having an estate put, said at least one certificate of deposit further having a cash flow value, said system comprising:
a computer having a central processing unit; and
a computer code operatively associated with said central processing unit, said computer code comprising:
a first set of instructions configured to divide said at least one certificate of deposit into a plurality of pieces, each piece having the same maturity as the certificate of deposit but having an estate put exercise date in a different year than that of any other piece in said plurality;
a second set of instructions configured to value said estate put and cash flow of each said piece based on the exercisability of said estate put as determined by the expected mortality rate applicable to said piece's estate put exercise date; and
a third set of instructions configured to aggregate said estate put and cash flow values of each said piece to determine an aggregate value, wherein said value of said at least one certificate of deposit is equivalent to said aggregate value.
17. The system of claim 16 wherein said plurality of pieces is based on said nominal lifetime of said at least one certificate of deposit.
18. The system of claim 17 wherein said plurality of pieces is equal in number to the number of years of said nominal lifetime of said at least one certificate of deposit.
19. The system of claim 16 wherein said plurality of pieces is based on an expected lifetime of a holder of said at least one certificate of deposit.
20. The system of claim 19 wherein said expected lifetime is based on said expected mortality rate or a mortality table.