Gas-fueled internal combustion engine and control method for gas-fueled internal combustion engine
In a gas-fueled internal combustion engine, an ignition device ( 16, 6 O, 62, 64, 66 ) is arranged in a moving direction of a stream of the gaseous fuel injected from an in-cylinder injection valve ( 40 ) in a combustion chamber. The ignition device can directly ignite the fuel stream and diffusive combustion of the gaseous fuel can be executed by sequentially injecting the gaseous fuel toward a flame created by the ignition. Further, premix combustion of the gaseous fuel can also be performed by igniting an air-fuel mixture after the gaseous fuel injected from the in-cylinder injection valve has been sufficiently mixed with the air. As an operation mode of the engine, a lean premix combustion operation is selected when the engine is operated in a prescribed operation region, and the operation mode is changed to a diffusive combustion operation when the engine is operated in a higher load operation region than the prescribed operation region.
1. A gas-fueled internal combustion engine operable with hydrogen gas as gaseous fuel, comprising:
an in-cylinder injection valve for injecting the gaseous fuel directly into a combustion chamber;
an ignition device arranged along the path of a stream of the gaseous fuel injected from the in-cylinder injection valve; and
a control unit for controlling operation timing of the ignition device and operation timing of the in-cylinder injection valve to thereby change combustion types of the gaseous fuel injected from the in-cylinder injection valve, between premix combustion and diffusive combustion, wherein: the control unit calculates the air excess ratio based on a hydrogen supply amount and an air intake amount, and the control unit selects, as an operation mode of the internal combustion engine, a lean premix combustion operation for premixing and combusting the gaseous fuel at a lean air-fuel ratio, when the internal combustion engine is operated in an operation region where the air excess ratio can be kept substantially equal to or greater than 2, and selects, as the operation mode of the internal combustion engine, a diffusive combustion operation for diffusion-combusting the gaseous fuel, when the internal combustion engine is operated in an operation region where the air excess ratio cannot be kept substantially equal to or greater than 2.
2. The gas-fueled internal combustion engine according to claim 1 , further comprising a unit that acquires an in excess ratio,
wherein the control unit changes the operation mode of the internal combustion engine to the diffusive combustion operation when the air excess ratio is below a predetermined threshold value during the lean premix combustion operation.
3. The gas-fueled internal combustion engine according to claim 2 , further comprising:
a unit that acquires an in-cylinder pressure-increase rate,
wherein the control unit changes the operation mode of the internal combustion engine to the diffusive combustion operation when the in-cylinder pressure-increase rate is above a predetermined threshold value during the lean premix combustion operation.
4. The gas-fueled internal combustion engine according to claim 1 , wherein, during a time of executing the diffusive combustion operation, the control unit actuates the ignition device while gaseous fuel is being injected from the in-cylinder injection valve.
5. The gas-fueled internal combustion engine according to claim 1 , wherein, during a time of executing the diffusive combustion operation, the control unit sets a duration of gaseous fuel injection to extend over a period from a time before a compression TDC to a time after the compression TDC and activates the ignition device substantially concurrently with the beginning of the gaseous fuel injection.
6. The gas-fueled internal combustion engine according to claim 1 , wherein, during a time of executing the diffusive combustion operation, the control unit pilot-injects a fraction of the gaseous fuel, wherein an amount of the gaseous fuel that is pilot injected is decided by a required load, and performs a main injection for diffusive combustion in an atmosphere under which the pilot-injected gaseous fuel is mixed with air.
7. The gas-fueled internal combustion engine according to claim 6 , wherein the control unit activates the ignition device subsequently to execution of the pilot injection and in advance of the main injection.
8. The gas-fueled internal combustion engine according to claim 6 , wherein the control unit executes the pilot injection in a high load region of the operation region where the diffusive combustion operation is executed.
9. The gas-fueled internal combustion engine according to claim 1 , wherein, when the diffusive combustion operation is executed, the control unit additionally activates the ignition device in the course of gaseous fuel injection depending on the gaseous fuel injection period.
10. The gas-fueled internal combustion engine according to claim 9 , wherein the control unit increases an activation frequency of the ignition device step-by-step depending on the gaseous fuel injection period.
11. The gas-fueled internal combustion engine according to claim 1 , wherein:
the ignition device is disposed at the apex of the combustion chamber; and
the in-cylinder injection valve is disposed on a side wall of the combustion chamber such that an injection hole of the in-cylinder injection valve is oriented to inject gaseous fuel toward the ignition device.
12. The gas-fueled internal combustion engine according to claim 1 , wherein:
the ignition device and the in-cylinder injection valve are all disposed at the apex of the combustion chamber; and
an injection hole of the in-cylinder injection valve is oriented to ensure that the stream of gaseous fuel passes by the tip end of the ignition device.
13. The gas-fueled internal combustion engine according to claim 1 , wherein:
a plurality of ignition devices is arranged along the path of the stream of the gaseous fuel injected from the in-cylinder injection valve; and
when the diffusive combustion operation is executed, the control unit activates the plurality of ignition devices either simultaneously or sequentially with a phase difference in order of distance, from closest to farthest, with respect to the in-cylinder injection valve.
14. The gas-fueled internal combustion engine according to claim 1 , wherein the in-cylinder injection valve is configured to inject the gaseous fuel in a plurality of directions and each ignition device of the plurality of ignition devices is aligned with the respective injection directions of the in-cylinder injection valve.
15. The gas-fueled internal combustion engine according to claim 14 , wherein the plurality of the ignition devices are arranged substantially at an equal distance from the tip end of the in-cylinder injection valve.
16. The gas-fueled internal combustion engine according to claim 14 , wherein:
the in-cylinder injection valve is disposed at the center of the apex portion of the combustion chamber;
one of the ignition device is positioned immediately next to the in-cylinder injection valve in an offset relationship; and
a plurality of the ignition devices are arranged along an imaginary circle whose center coincides with the center axis of the in-cylinder injection valve.
17. The gas-fueled internal combustion engine according to claim 1 , wherein the control unit allows the in-cylinder injection valve to inject the gaseous fuel prior to closure of an intake valve, in a low load region of the operation region where the lean premix combustion operation is executed, and allows the in-cylinder injection valve to inject the gaseous fuel immediately after the closure of the intake valve, in a high load region of the operation region where the lean premix combustion operation is executed.
18. The gas-fueled internal combustion engine according to claim 1 , further comprising a port injection valve for injecting the gaseous fuel into an intake port,
wherein the control unit allows the port injection valve to inject the gaseous fuel prior to closure of an intake valve, in a low load region of the operation region where the lean premix combustion operation is executed, and allows the in-cylinder injection valve to inject the gaseous fuel immediately after closure of the intake valve, in a high load region of the operation region.
19. The gas-fueled internal combustion engine according to claim 1 , wherein the control unit allows the in-cylinder injection valve to inject the gaseous fuel during the course of a compression stroke so that the gaseous fuel can be subject to stratified combustion, in an extremely low load region of the operation region where the lean premix combustion operation is executed, and allows the in-cylinder injection valve to inject the gaseous fuel during the course of an intake stroke or at the beginning of the compression stroke so that the gaseous fuel can be subject to homogeneous combustion, in the operation region above the extremely low load region.
20. A control method for a gas-fueled internal combustion engine operable with hydrogen gas as gaseous fuel, including an in-cylinder injection valve for injecting the gaseous fuel directly into a combustion chamber, and an ignition device arranged along the path of a stream of the gaseous fuel injected from the in-cylinder injection valve, comprising:
controlling operation timing of the ignition device and operation timing of the in-cylinder injection valve to thereby change combustion types of the gaseous fuel injected from the in-cylinder injection valve, between premix combustion and diffusive combustion; and
calculating an air excess ratio based on a hydrogen supply amount and an air intake amount,
wherein, as an operation mode of the internal combustion engine, a lean premix combustion operation for premixing and combusting the gaseous fuel at a lean air-fuel ratio is selected when the internal combustion engine is operated in an operation region where the air excess ratio an be kept substantially equal to or greater than 2, and a diffusive combustion operation for diffusion-combusting the gaseous fuel is selected when the internal combustion engine is operated in an operation region where the air excess ratio cannot be kept substantially equal to or greater than 2.