Manufacture of strong, lightweight carrier granules
Method for manufacturing carrier granules. The method forms a mixture comprising fibers, mineral filler, and binder. The mixture contains 32-48 weight-% wood fibers having a bulk density of less than 20 pounds per cubic foot, at least 35 weight-% of which fibers are retained on a 50-Mesh U.S. Sieve Series screen. The fibers have a moisture content of less than 15 weight-%. The mixture also contains 52-65 weight-% mineral filler having a moisture content of less than 12 weight-%. In addition, the mixture contains 3-7 weight-% binder. The mixture is agglomerated by conditioning and agglomerating it in a pin mixer to form small particles followed by agglomerating it in a disc or pan pelletizer to form substantially spherical granules. The method then dries the granules to a moisture content of less than about 5 weight-%, and screens the granules to select granules that pass through a 10-Mesh U.S. Sieve Series screen but are retained on a 40-Mesh U.S. Sieve Series screen. The carrier granules have a bulk density of less than 40 pounds per cubic foot and a Resistance to Attrition of at least 95%.
1. A lightweight carrier granule comprising
32-48 weight-% of wood fibers having a bulk density of less than 20 pounds per cubic foot, wherein said wood fibers range from 10 microns to 2 millimeters in length and at least 35 weight-% of said fibers are retained on a 50-Mesh U.S. Sieve Series screen,
52-65 weight-% mineral filler having a particle size range within the range 10 to 500 microns, and
3-7 weight-% binder,
wherein said granule passes through a 10-Mesh U.S. Sieve Series screen and is retained on a 40-Mesh U.S. Sieve Series screen, said granule has a moisture content of less than 5 weight-%, said granule has a Resistance to Attrition of at least 95%, and said granule has a bulk density of 26 to 30 pounds per cubic foot.
2. The lightweight carrier granule of claim 1 , wherein said wood fibers are derived from a source that does not contain urea-formaldehyde resin or diphenylmethane diisocyanate resin.
3. The lightweight carrier granule of claim 1 , wherein the mineral filler is selected from the group consisting of kaolin, titanium dioxide, sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate, lime, fly ash, dolomite, gypsum, granite fines, and mixtures thereof.
4. The lightweight carrier granule of claim 1 , wherein the binder is selected from the group consisting of granules of superabsorbent polymer, water-soluble starch, acrylic polymer, polyvinyl acetate, guar, gum, and mixtures thereof, and wherein at least 70% of the binder granules pass through a 200-Mesh U.S. Sieve Series screen.
5. The lightweight carrier granule of claim 1 , comprising 38-48 weight-% of wood fibers at least 35 weight-% of which are retained on a 50-Mesh U.S. Sieve Series screen, 52-62 weight-% carbonate or dolomite or granite fines having a bulk calcium density of 65-75 pounds per cubic foot, and 3-6 weight unmodified starch binder, said granule having a bulk density of 26-30 pounds per cubic foot.
6. The lightweight carrier granule of claim 1 comprising 38-48 weight-% of wood fibers having a bulk density of less than 20 pounds per cubic foot, 52-62 weight-% of mineral filler comprising granite fines having a bulk density of less than 75 pounds per cubic foot, and 3-6 weight-% of a starch-based dextrin-based adhesive binder.
7. The lightweight carrier granule of claim 6 , wherein the granite fines have a particle size in the range 10 to 100 microns.
8. The lightweight carrier granule of claim 1 , comprising 40 weight-% wood fibers, 54 weight-% calcium carbonate filler, and 6 weight-% unmodified starch, binder.
9. The lightweight carrier granule of claim 1 , comprising 35 weight-% wood fibers, 60 weight-% calcium carbonate filler, and 5 weight-% unmodified starch binder.