Oriented nanofibers embedded in a polymer matrix
A method of forming a composite of embedded nanofibers in a polymer matrix is disclosed. The method includes incorporating nanofibers in a plastic matrix forming agglomerates, and uniformly distributing the nanofibers by exposing the agglomerates to hydrodynamic stresses. The hydrodynamic said stresses force the agglomerates to break apart. In combination or additionally elongational flow is used to achieve small diameters and alignment. A nanofiber reinforced polymer composite system is disclosed. The system includes a plurality of nanofibers that are embedded in polymer matrices in micron size fibers. A method for producing nanotube continuous fibers is disclosed. Nanofibers are fibrils with diameters of 100 nm, multiwall nanotubes, single wall nanotubes and their various functionalized and derivatized forms. The method includes mixing a nanofiber in a polymer; and inducing an orientation of the nanofibers that enables the nanofibers to be used to enhance mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. Orientation is induced by high shear mixing and elongational flow, singly or in combination. The polymer may be removed from said nanofibers, leaving micron size fibers of aligned nanofibers.
1. A composite comprising:
a polymer matrix reinforced with carbon nanotubes,
wherein the carbon nanotubes are dispersed in the polymer matrix; and
wherein the carbon nanotubes are integrated into the polymer matrix;
wherein the integration comprises alignment of the carbon nanotubes and formation of at least one type of linkage to at least a sidewall of the carbon nanotubes;
wherein the at least one type of linkage is selected from the group consisting of between the carbon nanotubes and the polymer matrix, between the carbon nanotubes, and combinations thereof.
2. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotubes are derivatized with functional groups on at least the sidewall of the carbon nanotubes; and
wherein the functional groups link the polymer matrix to the carbon nanotubes.
3. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotube are derivatized on at least the sidewall of the carbon nanotubes.
4. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the composite has a carbon nanotube concentration of up to 60% by weight.
5. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the polymer matrix is selected from the group consisting of Acetal, PP, ABS, ASA, PE, PEEK, PET, nylon and UHMW PE.
6. The composite of claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanotubes comprise SWNTs, and the composite comprises up to about 10 percent by weight of SWNTs.
7. A product comprising the composite of claim 1 , wherein the composite is processed into a product selected from the group consisting of micron size fibers, tapes, and films.
8. The product of claim 7 , wherein the product is further processed into a form selected from the group consisting of weaves, mats, plies, bundles, threads, yarns and filament wound tubing and vessels.
9. The product of claim 7 , wherein the product comprises a delivery system for aligning the carbon nanotubes into another composite form.
10. The composite of claim 7 , wherein the product is further processed with other polymer systems.
11. The product of claim 10 , wherein the other polymer systems comprise a thermoset.
12. The product of claim 10 , wherein the product is disposed within the other polymer systems in a manner selected from the group consisting of oriented, non-oriented and combinations thereof.
13. The product of claim 10 , wherein the carbon nanotubes are disposed within the product in a manner selected from the group consisting of aligned, non-aligned and combinations thereof.
14. A sensor product the composite of claim 7 , wherein the polymer matrix is gas permeable.
15. A shielding material for hypervelocity impact applications comprising the composite of claim 1 .
16. An ESD material comprising the composite of claim 1 .
17. An electronically conductive wire comprising the composite of claim 7 .
18. An electrical interconnect comprising the composite of claim 7 .
19. FDM components formed from the composite of claim 7 .