Methods for improving the storage and handling characteristics of condensed whey permeate
A method of improving the storage and handling characteristics of a condensed whey permeate (“CWP”) comprising the steps of: (a) obtaining a CWP that: (i) has a total solids content in the range of about 20% to about 75% by weight and has a water content in the range of about 80% to about 25% by weight; (ii) has a lactose concentration of at least 70% by weight of the total solids content; and (iii) is at a pH of less than 8; and (b) treating the CWP with at least a sufficient proportion of alkali to raise the pH to at least 8. Also, a method comprising the steps of: (a) obtaining a CWP that does not exhibit substantial crystallization; and (b) treating the CWP with at least a sufficient proportion of alkali to reduce the amount of crystallization obtained using a 30 mesh screen for a sample of the treated CWP relative to a sample of the untreated CWP when tested after storing for 7 days at a temperature range having an upper limit that is at least 28° C. (50° F.) below the sufficient temperature to dissolve at a pH of about 7 an equivalent concentration of lactose in water to the concentration of lactose to water that is in the untreated CWP.
1. A method of improving the storage and handling characteristics of condensed whey permeate (“CWP”), the method comprising the steps of:
a. obtaining a CWP that:
i. has a total solids content in the range of about 30% to about 50% by weight and has a water content in the range of about 70% to about 50% by weight;
ii. has a lactose concentration of at least 70% by weight of the total solids content;
iii. does not exhibit substantial crystallization; and
iv. is at a pH of less than 8;
b. treating the CWP with at least a sufficient proportion of alkali by weight of lactose to:
i. raise the pH of the treated CWP to at least 8; and
ii. reduce the amount of crystallization retained on a 30 mesh screen for a sample of the treated CWP relative to a sample of the untreated CWP when tested after storing for 7 days at a temperature range having:
(a) a lower limit that is at least above 0° C. (32° F.); and
(b) an upper limit that is at least 28° C. (50° F.) below the sufficient temperature to dissolve at a pH of about 7 an equivalent concentration of lactose in water to the concentration of lactose to water that is in the untreated CWP; and
c. storing the treated CWP having a pH raised to at least 8 at a temperature range having:
i. a lower limit that is at least above 0° C. (32° F.); and
ii. an upper limit that is at least 28° C. (50° F.) below the sufficient temperature to dissolve at a pH of about 7 an equivalent concentration of lactose in water to the concentration of lactose to water that is in the untreated CWP.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of treating the CWP further comprises: treating the CWP with at least a sufficient proportion of alkali by weight of lactose to reduce the amount of crystallization retained on a 30 mesh screen for a sample of the treated CWP relative to a sample of the untreated CWP when tested after storing for 7 days at about 22° C. (72° F.).
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of obtaining a CWP further comprises: obtaining a CWP that is at a temperature that is at least as high as the sufficient temperature for a metastable solution of the CWP determined at a pH within the range of about 5 to about 7, but below 150° C. (302° F.).
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of obtaining a CWP further comprises: obtaining a CWP that is at a temperature that is at least as high as the sufficient temperature for a stable solution of the CWP determined at a pH within the range of about 5 to about 7, but below 150° C. (302° F.).
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of obtaining a CWP further comprises: obtaining a CWP that is at a temperature at least as high as the sufficient temperature to dissolve an equivalent concentration of lactose in water at a pH of about 7, but below 150° C. (302° F.).
6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the alkali is selected from the group consisting of: sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, and any combination thereof in any proportion.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of treating the CWP with alkali comprises: continuously treating a stream of the CWP with alkali.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of storing the treated CWP further comprises: storing the treated CWP for at least 7 days.
9. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of: after storing, mixing the treated CWP with an animal feed ingredient.
10. The method according to claim 9 , further comprising the step of: reducing water content in the mixture of the treated CWP and the animal feed ingredient.