Geometric synthesis of porphyrin rods
A method of making a compound of Formula I′ comprises reacting a compound of the formula DLCHO, with a compound of the formula to produce the compound of Formula I′. Methods of using the compounds are also described, particularly as intermediates for the synthesis of porphyrin rods, which porphyrin rods are in turn useful for (among other things) the production of molecular memory devices.
1. A method for the synthesis of a porphyrin rod, comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a compound of the formula A-L-D, wherein A is a 1,9-bis(thio)dipyrrin, L is a linker group or covalent bond, and D is a 1,9-diacyldipyrromethane;
(b) reducing said compound of formula A-L-D to produce a compound of the formula A′-L-B, wherein A is a 1,9-bis(thio)dipyrromethane, L is said linker group or covalent bond, and B is a dipyrromethane-1,9-dicarbinol;
(c) desulfurizing and reducing said compound of formula A-L-D to produce a compound of the formula C-L-D; wherein C is a dipyrromethane, L is said linker group or covalent bond, and D is a 1,9-diacyldipyrromethane;
(d) condensing said compound of formula A′-L-B with said compound of formula C-L-D to produce an elongated compound of formula A-L-D, wherein A is a 1,9-bis(thio)dipyrrin, L is a linker group, and D is a 1,9-diacyldipyrromethane, with said linker group comprising 2 n −1 porphyrinic macrocycles, wherein n is from 1 to 10; and then
(e) optionally repeating steps (b) through (d) for 2 to 10 additional cycles to produce a further elongated compound of formula A-L-D.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the steps of:
(f) reducing said elongated compound of formula A-L-D to produce an elongated compound of the formula A′-L-B, wherein A is a 1,9-bis(thio)dipyrromethane, L is said linker group or covalent bond, and B is a dipyrromethane-1,9-dicarbinol;
(g) reacting said elongated compound of formula A′-L-B with a dipyrromethane to produce a compound of the formula A-L-E, wherein E is a porphyrinic macrocycle;
(h) desulfurizing and reducing said compound of formula A-L-E to produce a compound of formula C-L-E, wherein C is a dipyrromethane; and then
(i) reacting said compound of formula C-L-E with a dipyrromethane-1,9-dicarbinol to produce a compound of the formula F-L-E, wherein F is a porphyrinic macrocycle.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein said compound of formula F-L-E contains at least one surface attachment group, said method further comprising the step of:
(j) coupling said compound of formula F-L-E to a substrate to produce a molecular memory device.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the steps of:
(f) desulfurizing and reducing said elongated compound of formula A-L-D to produce an elongated compound of the formula C-L-D; wherein C is a dipyrromethane, L is said linker group or covalent bond, and D is a 1,9-diacyldipyrromethane;
(g) reacting said compound of formula C-L-D with a dipyrromethane-1,9-dicarbinol to produce a compound of the formula F-L-D, wherein F is a porphyrinic macrocycle;
(h) reducing said compound of formula F-L-D to produce a compound of formula F-L-B, wherein B is a dipyrromethane-1,9-dicarbinol; and then
(i) reacting said compound of formula F-L-B with a dipyrromethane to produce a compound of the formula F-L-E, wherein E is a porphyrinic macrocycle.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein said compound of formula F-L-E contains at least one surface attachment group, said method further comprising the step of:
(j) coupling said compound of formula F-L-E to a substrate to produce a molecular memory device.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said desulfurizing is carried out with a metallic or organometallic reagent.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein, for said compound of the formula A-L-D:
A is a group of the formula:
wherein R 1 R 2 , and R 3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, cycloalkylalkynyl, heterocyclo, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkynyl, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyl, arylalkenyl, arylalkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylalkynyl, alkoxy, halo, mercapto, azido, cyano, acyl, formyl, carboxylic acid, acylamino, ester, amide, hydroxyl, nitro, alkylthio, amino, alkylamino, arylalkylamino, disubstituted amino, acyloxy, sulfoxyl, sulfonyl, sulfonate, sulfonic acid, sulfonamide, urea, alkoxylacylamino, aminoacyloxy, linking groups, surface attachment groups, bioconjugatable groups, targeting groups, and water soluble groups; and
D is a group of the formula:
wherein R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkylalkenyl, cycloalkylalkynyl, heterocyclo, heterocycloalkyl, heterocycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkynyl, aryl, aryloxy, arylalkyl, aryl alkenyl, arylalkynyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heteroarylalkenyl, heteroarylalkynyl, alkoxy, halo, mercapto, azido, cyano, acyl, formyl, carboxylic acid, acylamino, ester, amide, hydroxyl, nitro, alkylthio, amino, alkylamino, arylalkylamino, disubstituted amino, acyloxy, sulfoxyl, sulfonyl, sulfonate, sulfonic acid, sulfonamide, urea, alkoxylacylamino, aminoacyloxy, linking groups, surface attachment groups, bioconjugatable groups, targeting groups, and water soluble groups.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said elongated compound of formula A-L-D is selected from the group consisting of:
wherein L, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 and R 6 are as given above, and M 1 and M 2 are each a metal or are absent.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein:
L is a covalent bond;
M 1 and M 2 are absent;
R 1 is alkyl; and
R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are all H.