Electrochromic device
An electrode is described. The electrode has a substrate having a first and a second surface; a conductive layer; an electroactive layer that includes nanoparticles having an average size from 5 nm to 30 nm; at least one electroactive chemical and at least one organic binder material. The electroactive chemical binds to the surface of the nanoparticles. The conductive layer is disposed on the second surface of the substrate, and the electroactive layer is disposed on the conductive layer. Also described are electrochromic articles including the electrode, and a coating composition that can be utilized to fabricate the electrode.
1. An electrochromic article comprising:
a working electrode comprising:
a substrate having a first and a second surface;
a conductive layer;
an electroactive layer comprising:
nanoparticles having two different average diameters, both average diameters being from 5 nm to 30 nm; and
at least one electroactive chemical, wherein the electroactive chemical binds to the surface of the nanoparticles; and
at least one organic binder material,
wherein the conductive layer is disposed on the second surface of the substrate, and the electroactive layer is disposed on the conductive layer;
an electrolyte layer disposed on the working electrode;
a release layer disposed on the electrolyte layer; and
a reflective layer disposed below the release layer, wherein the reflective layer is a flexible reflective porous membrane.
2. The electrochromic article according to claim 1 , wherein the reflective porous membrane comprises at least one polymer, and at least one reflective particle.
3. The electrochromic article according to claim 1 , wherein the reflective porous membrane is from 20 μm to 100 μm thick.
4. An electrochromic device comprising:
a) a working electrode comprising:
a substrate having a first and a second surface;
a conductive layer;
an electroactive layer comprising:
nanoparticles having two different average diameters, both average diameters being from 5 nm to 50 nm; and
at least one electroactive chemical, wherein the electroactive chemical binds to the surface of the nanoparticles; and
at least one organic binder material,
wherein the conductive layer is disposed on the second surface of the substrate, and the electroactive layer is disposed on the conductive layer;
b) an electrolyte layer disposed on the working electrode;
c) a counter electrode disposed on the electrolyte layer; and
d) a reflective layer positioned between the working electrode and the counter electrode, wherein the reflective layer comprises a reflective porous membrane and the reflective porous membrane comprises at least one polymer, and at least one kind of reflective particle.