Gated beta-molybdenum oxide sensor
An apparatus for sensing an analyte gas is provided. The apparatus may include a signal amplifier that may include a thin film transistor that may include a semiconducting film that may include a metal oxide capable of chemical interaction with the analyte gas, such as carbon monoxide. The apparatus may be tuned for detecting the analyte gas by varying the gate voltage of the transistor.
1. A sensor for detecting the presence of an analyte gas, the sensor comprising:
a substrate;
an insulating layer;
a semiconducting layer separated from the substrate by the insulating layer;
a first contact contacting the semiconducting layer;
a second contact contacting the semiconducting layer; and
a third contact contacting the substrate;
wherein the semiconducting layer comprises beta-molybdenum oxide capable of chemical interaction with carbon monoxide;
wherein the third contact is a conductive layer on the substrate separated from the semiconducting layer by an insulator; and
wherein the insulating layer, the semiconducting layer, first contact, second contact, and third contact are arranged in an architecture predetermined such that the beta-molybdenum oxide detects a variation in the level of the carbon monoxide as a variation in a current between the first and second contacts occurring when a voltage is applied across the first contact and the third contact.
2. The sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the chemical interaction comprises electron transfer.
3. The sensor according to claim 2 , wherein the electron transfer comprises electron donation by the carbon monoxide to the beta-molybdenum oxide.
4. The sensor according to claim 2 , wherein the electron transfer comprises electron withdrawal by the carbon monoxide from the beta-molybdenum oxide.
5. The sensor according to claim 2 , wherein the beta-molybdenum oxide has a rough surface where topography defines grain boundaries.
6. The sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the semiconducting layer comprises a thin film.
7. The sensor according to claim 6 , wherein the thin film comprises a plurality of nanoparticles comprising the beta-molybdenum oxide.
8. The sensor according to claim 7 , wherein the nanoparticles are spherical.
9. The sensor according to claim 7 , wherein the nanoparticles are non spherical.
10. The sensor according to claim 7 , wherein the nanoparticles have homogeneous size.
11. The sensor according to claim 1 , further comprising a gate bias between the first and third contacts, wherein the gate bias affects conductivity through the semiconducting layer.
12. The sensor according to claim 11 , wherein the gate bias affects energy barriers between grain boundaries.
13. The sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the detecting takes place without any thermal requirement.
14. The sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the sensor is configured to operate independent of temperature and as a function of gate voltage.
15. The sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the sensor is configured to operate at variable conductivity levels.
16. The sensor according to claim 1 , wherein the architecture is configured so that the detecting takes place without any thermal requirement.
17. The sensor according to claim 1 , further comprising a gate bias between the first and third contacts, wherein the conductivity of the semiconducting layer is greater due to the gate bias.
18. A sensor for detecting the presence of an analyte gas, the sensor comprising:
a substrate;
an insulating layer;
a semiconducting layer separated from the substrate by the insulating layer;
a first contact contacting the semiconducting layer;
a second contact contacting the semiconducting layer; and
a third contact contacting the substrate;
wherein the semiconducting layer consists of beta-molybdenum oxide capable of chemical interaction with the analyte gas, wherein the analyte gas consists of a reducing gas;
wherein the third contact is a conductive layer on the substrate separated from the semiconducting layer by an insulator; and
wherein the insulating layer, the semiconducting layer, first contact, second contact, and third contact are arranged in an architecture predetermined such that the sensor detects a variation in the level of the analyte gas as a variation in a current between the first and second contacts occurring when a voltage is applied across the first contact and the third contact.