Poly-β-peptides from functionalized β-lactam monomers and antibacterial compositions containing same
Disclosed is a method of making β-polypeptides. The method includes polymerizing β-lactam-containing monomers in the presence of a base initiator and a co-initiator which is not a metal-containing molecule to yield the product β-polypeptides. Specifically disclosed are methods wherein the base initiator is potassium t-butoxide, lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (LiN(TMS) 2 ), potassium bis(trimethyl-silyl)amide, and sodium ethoxide, and the reaction is carried out in a solvent such as chloroform, dichloromethane, dimethylsulfoxide, or tetrahydrofuran.
1. A method of making β-polypeptides comprising polymerizing β-lactam-containing monomers in an organic solvent in the presence of a base initiator selected from the group consisting of KOtBu, LiN(TMS) 2 , KN(TMS) 2 , NaOEt, Sc(N(TMS) 2 ) 3 , Al 2 (N(Me) 2 ) 6 , Al(N(TMS) 2 ) 3 , Zn(N(TMS) 2 ) 2 , Sn(N(TMS) 2 ) 2 , and CpTi(N(Me) 2 ) 2 Cl, and a co-initiator which is not a metal-containing molecule, wherein the co-initiator is selected from the group consisting of:
wherein X is a leaving group selected from the group consisting of alkoxide, amidate, carboxylate, halide, imidazolate, lactamate, and thiolate; and
R is a base-stable moiety selected from the group consisting of linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl;
provided that the co-initiator is not an N-acyl-β-lactam.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least one of β-lactam-containing monomers is selected from the group consisting of:
wherein A, together with the carbon atoms to which it is attached is selected from the group consisting of substituted or unsubstituted C 5 -C 12 cycloalkyl, C 5 -C 12 cycloalkenyl, and five-to twelve-membered heterocyclic; and
R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, aryl, C 1 -C 6 -alklyaryl, amino, protected-amino, amino- C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, and protected-amino-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein at least one of the β-lactam-containing monomer is selected from the group consisting of:
wherein at least one of R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , or R 6 is selected from the group consisting of amino, protected amino, amino-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl and protected amino-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl.
4. The method of claim 1 , comprising polymerizing the β-lactam-containing monomers in a solvent selected from the group consisting of chloroform, dichloromethane, dimethylsulfoxide, and tetrahydrofuran.
5. The method of claim 1 , comprising polymerizing at least two different β-lactam-containing monomers to yield a co-polymer.
6. The method of claim 1 , comprising polymerizing the β-lactam-containing monomers at a temperature ≦ about 50° C.
7. The method of claim 1 , comprising polymerizing the β-lactam-containing monomers at a temperature ≦ about 30° C.
8. A method of making β-polypeptides comprising: polymerizing β-lactam-containing monomers in the presence of a base initiator selected from the group consisting of KOtBu, LiN(TMS) 2 , KN(TMS) 2 , NaOEt, Sc(N(TMS) 2 ) 3 Al 2 (N(Me) 2 ) 6 , Al(N(TMS) 2 ) 3 , Zn(N(TMS) 2 ) 2 , Sn(N(TMS) 2 ) 2 , and CpTi(N(Me) 2 ) 2 Cl, and a co-initiator which is not a metal-containing molecule, wherein the β-lactam-containing monomers include a monomer selected from the group consisting of:
wherein R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, aryl, C 1 -C 6 -alklyaryl, amino, protected-amino, amino- C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, and protected-amino-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl; and
wherein at least one of R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , or R 6 is selected from the group consisting of amino, protected amino, amino- C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, and protected-amino-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, wherein the co-initiator is selected from the group consisting of:
wherein X is a leaving group selected from the group consisting of alkoxide, amidate, carboxylate, halide, imidazolate, lactamate, and thiolate; and
R is a base-stable moiety selected from the group consisting of linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, and substituted or unsubstituted arylalkyl,
provided that the co-initiator is not an N-acyl-β-lactam.
9. The method of claim 8 , comprising polymerizing the β-lactam-containing monomers in a solvent selected from the group consisting of chloroform, dichloromethane, dimethylsulfoxide, and tetrahydrofuran.
10. The method of claim 8 , comprising polymerizing at least two different β-lactam-containing monomers to yield a co-polymer.
11. The method of claim 8 , comprising polymerizing the β-lactam-containing monomers at a temperature ≦ about 50° C.
12. The method of claim 8 , comprising polymerizing the β-lactam-containing monomers at a temperature ≦ about 30° C.