Method for detecting chemical substances in whole, closed and/or sealed containers
A non-invasive and non-destructive apparatus and testing method for analytes in sealed containers are provided, which are especially useful for identifying bottles of wine that are contaminated with 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA) without destroying the value of uncontaminated wine by opening the bottles or marring the containers or labeling. The apparatus and method are applicable to non-destructively testing any “stream-of-commerce” containers such as shampoo bottles, aerosol containers, toothpaste tubes, and soft drink cans, and other such containers for the presence of contaminants, explosives, poisons, drugs, and other dangerous or illegal materials. The method provided is orders of magnitude more sensitive than other methods, and can detect the presence of diffused substances at the nanogram per liter (parts-per-billion) level.
1. A wand in combination with a closed container, said wand adapted to detect the presence of an analyte from within said closed container without opening said container, said wand comprising:
a wall defining a hollow chamber within said wand, wherein said chamber is sized to accommodate at least a portion of said closed container, leaving a test space within said chamber;
a first opening in said wall sized and shaped for receiving at least a portion of said closed container within said chamber during testing for an analyte present in said closed container without opening said container;
first sealing means operably positioned with respect to said first opening for sealing said first opening so as to prevent air flow in and out of said chamber through said first opening;
a second opening in said wall for receiving within said test space at least a portion of an analyte collection material capable of adsorbing or absorbing said analyte within said test space;
second sealing means operably positioned with respect to said second opening for sealing said second opening so as to prevent air flow in and out of said chamber through said second opening;
a third opening in said wall for receiving a conduit for creating at least a partial vacuum in said test space; and
third sealing means operably positioned with respect to said third opening for sealing said third opening so as to prevent air flow other than through said conduit in and out of said third opening; and
wherein both said closed container and said wand lack a valve or flow control connector for opening and closing flow between said closed container and said chamber.
2. The combination of claim 1 wherein said first sealing means is capable of sealing said first opening in contact with a portion of said closed container.
3. The combination of claim 1 wherein said first opening and first sealing means are sized and shaped to receive the neck of an unopened, corked bottle of wine.
4. A system for detecting the presence of an analyte in a closed container without opening the container, comprising:
the combination of claim 1 ; and
a vacuum pump sealably connected to said third opening of said wand via an airtight conduit.
5. The system of claim 4 also comprising a valve in operable connection with said airtight conduit for allowing retention and release of vacuum pressure in said chamber.
6. The system of claim 4 also comprising an analytical instrument capable of identifying the presence and amount of said analyte.
7. The system of claim 6 wherein said analytical instrument is a gas chromatography/mass spectrometer for analyzing a chemical adsorbed or absorbed on or in said selectively sorbent fiber.
8. The system of claim 4 also comprising said analyte collection material, which is sized and shaped for insertion into said second opening of said wand.
9. The system of claim 8 wherein said analyte collection material is selected from the group consisting of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fibers, carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS) fibers, polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fibers, divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS/fibers, Carbopack-Z fibers, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) non-polar fibers, polyacrylate polar (PA) fibers, carbowax-polyethylene glycol (PEG) polar fibers, and carbowax/template resin (CW/TPR) polar fibers.
10. The system of claim 8 wherein said analyte collection material is a selectively-sorbent fiber.
11. The system of claim 10 wherein said selectively-sorbent fiber is packaged in an insertion needle.
12. A kit comprising:
the combination of claim 1 ; and
a selectively-sorbent fiber packaged in an insertion needle for inserting said fiber into the second opening of said wand.
13. A method for detecting the presence of an analyte in a closed container without opening the container, said method comprising:
(a) providing a wand for detecting the presence of an analyte in a closed container without opening the container, said wand comprising:
a wall defining a hollow chamber within said wand, wherein said chamber is large enough to accommodate at least a portion of said closed container, leaving a test space within said chamber;
a first opening in said wall for receiving at least a portion of said closed container within said chamber;
first sealing means operably positioned with respect to said first opening for sealing said first opening so as to prevent air flow in and out of said chamber through said first opening;
a second opening in said wall for receiving within said test space at least a portion of an analyte collection material capable of adsorbing or absorbing said analyte within said test space;
second sealing means operably positioned with respect to said second opening for sealing said second opening so as to prevent air flow in and out of said chamber through said second opening;
a third opening in said wall for receiving a conduit for creating at least a partial vacuum in said test space; and
third sealing means operably positioned with respect to said third opening for sealing said third opening so as to prevent air flow other than through said conduit in and out of said third opening;
(b) sealably inserting at least a portion of a closed container suspected of containing said analyte into the chamber of said wand through said first opening;
(c) sealably inserting a connection to a vacuum pump into the third opening of said wand;
(d) operating said vacuum pump to produce sufficient vacuum in said chamber to cause volatilization of an analyzable amount of said analyte into the test space in said chamber;
(e) sealably inserting an analyte collection material for said analyte into the second opening of said chamber, whereby said analyte collection material extends into said test space;
(f) allowing sufficient time for an analyzable amount of said analyte to be sorbed by said analyte collection material; and
(g) removing said analyte collection material and analyzing it to determine the presence and amount of said analyte.
14. The method of claim 13 wherein said analyte collection material is a selectively-sorbent fiber.
15. The method of claim 13 wherein analyzing of said analyte collection material is done via GC/MS.
16. The method of claim 13 wherein said analyte is 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA).
17. The method of claim 13 wherein said closed container is a “stream-of-commerce” container.
18. The method of claim 17 wherein said closed container is capable of holding multiple “stream of commerce” containers.
19. The method of claim 17 wherein said closed container is a corked bottle of wine.