N-type doping of an electron transport material and methods of use thereof

1. An n-doped conductive material comprising an organic electron transporting material and at least one organometallic dopant cation compound bearing a full or partial positive charge, wherein the free energy change associated with electron transfer from said organometallic compound to said organic electron transporting material is less than +0.3 eV and wherein said organic electron transporting material is not an allotrope of carbon.

2. The conductive material of claim 1 , wherein said free energy change is less than or equal to zero eV.

3. The conductive material of claim 1 , wherein said organometallic compound has a formula selected from the group consisting of Formulas I-X

wherein R 1 -R 16 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, benzyl, halides, alkoxy, and amino groups, and wherein M is a transition, lanthanide, or actinide metal.

4. The conductive material of claim 1 , wherein said organometallic compound is selected from, the group consisting of cobaltocene, Co(C 5 Me 5 ) 2 , and Fe(C 5 Me 5 )(C 6 Me 6 ).

5. The conductive material of claim 1 , wherein said organometallic compound is cobaltocene.

6. The conductive material of claim 1 , wherein said organic electron transporting material is selected from the group consisting of perylene diimides, hexazatrinaphthylene derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, polyphenylenevinylenes, bisdioxaborines, and siloles.

7. The conductive material of claim 6 , wherein said organic electron transporting material is tris{2,5-bis(3,4-bis-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)thieno}[3,4-b,h,n]-1,4,5,8,9,-12-hexazatriphenylene (THAP).

8. The conductive material of claim 1 which is a film.

9. An electronic device comprising the conductive material of claim 1 .

10. The conductive material of claim 1 wherein said organic electron transporting material comprises an electroconductive polymer or oligomer, alone or in combination.

11. The conductive material of claim 1 , wherein said organometallic compound has the formula

wherein R 1 -R 10 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, benzyl, halides, alkoxy, and amino groups, and M is selected from transition metal elements.

12. The conductive material of claim 11 , wherein R 1 -R 10 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, or linear or branched alkyls having up to 25 carbon atoms.

13. The conductive material of claim 1 , wherein the organic electron transporting material bears a full or partial negative charge.