Detection and quantification of biomarkers via a piezoelectric cantilever sensor
Quantification of a target analyte is performed using a single sample to which amounts of the target analyte are added. Calibration is performed as part of quantification on the same sample. The target analyte is detectable and quantifiable using label free reagents and requiring no sample preparation. Target analytes include biomarkers such as cancer biomarkers, pathogenic Escherichia coli , single stranded DNA, and staphylococcal enterotoxin. The quantification process includes determining a sensor response of a sensor exposed to the sample and configured to detect the target analyte. Sensor responses are determined after sequential additions of the target analyte to the sample. The amount of target analyte detected by the sensor when first exposed to the sample is determined in accordance with the multiple sensor responses.
1. A quantification method comprising:
exposing a sensor to a quantity of a medium, wherein the sensor is configured to sense a target analyte;
determining a first sensor response of the sensor subsequent to exposing the sensor to the quantity of the medium;
adding a first amount of the target analyte to the quantity of the medium;
determining a second sensor response of the sensor subsequent to adding the first amount;
adding a second amount of the target analyte to the quantity of the medium;
determining a third sensor response of the sensor subsequent to adding the second amount; and
quantifying, in accordance with the first sensor response, the second sensor response, and the third sensor response, an amount of the target analyte sensed by the sensor prior to adding the first amount.
2. The method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the target analyte is unlabeled.
3. The method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the quantity of the medium requires no specific preparation.
4. The method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the sensor comprises a piezoelectric cantilever sensor.
5. The method in accordance with claim 4 , further wherein:
the first sensor response is determined in accordance with:
measuring a resonance frequency of the piezoelectric cantilever sensor; and
determining a first difference between the measured resonance frequency and a baseline frequency;
the second sensor response is determined in accordance with:
measuring a second resonance frequency of the piezoelectric cantilever sensor; and
determining a second difference between the second measured resonance frequency and the baseline frequency; and
the third sensor response is determined in accordance with:
measuring a third resonance frequency of the piezoelectric cantilever sensor; and
determining a third difference between the third measured resonance frequency and the baseline frequency.
6. The method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the medium comprises a body fluid, the method further comprising determining a condition of a donor of the body fluid in accordance with a result of the step of quantifying.