Transparent conducting composites (TTCs) for creating chemically active surfaces
Disclosed are chemically active surfaces for the detection of nitroaromatic, nitramine, and nitrate ester compounds, the primary constituents of explosive devices. Transparent conductive composites (TCCs) combine with gold nanoparticles in a conducting polymer matrix to create a conductive, flexible, and electrochromic material. Hybrid, nanostructured surfaces constructed from TCCs are decorated with conjugated conductive oligomer wires. Selective binding of the target to the oligomer alters the electron charge mobility in the TCC, affecting the redox state. The binding event is identified by measuring the conductivity of the TCC and/or through color changes of the TCC. Conjugated oligomers that are functionalized with thiol groups at one end and nitro-derivative receptors at the other provide the bases for selectivity and sensing. The thiol group anchors the oligomer to the metal sites on the TCC surface and the receptor starts the charge transfer mechanism when targeted with the appropriate molecule.
1. A transparent conductive composite comprising:
a polymer composite matrix having a halogen-doped surface;
a conductive nanostructure disposed in the polymer composite matrix;
a conjugated conductive oligomer having a first end and a second end, the first end of the oligomer being connected to the conductive nanostructure disposed in the upper surface of the polymer composite matrix; and
a functional group having a first end covalently bound to the second end of the conjugated conductive oligomer, and a second end selected to bind a predetermined target.
2. The transparent conductive composite of claim 1 , wherein the polymer composite matrix comprises an optical polymer.
3. The transparent conductive composite of claim 2 , wherein the optical polymer is doped with bis(ethylenedioxy)-tetrathiafulvalene.
4. The transparent conductive composite of claim 2 , wherein the optical polymer is selected from the group consisting of bisphenol A polycarbonate, poly(methyl methacrylate), or polystyrene.
5. The transparent conductive composite of claim 1 , wherein the polymer composite matrix is doped with a halogen selected from the group consisting of iodine and bromine.
6. The transparent conductive composite of claim 1 , wherein the conductive nanostructure is gold.
7. The transparent conductive composite of claim 1 , wherein the conductive nanostructure is 5 to 50 nm.
8. The transparent conductive composite of claim 1 , wherein the first end of the conjugated conductive oligomer is thiolated.
9. The transparent conductive composite of claim 1 , wherein the predetermined target is a constituent of an improvised explosive device selected from the group consisting of nitroamine, nitroaromatic, and nitrate ester compounds.
10. The transparent conductive composite of claim 1 , wherein the functional group is a nitro-derivative receptor.
11. The transparent conductive composite of claim 10 , wherein the functional group is selected from the group consisting of
COR 1 and COHR 1 ,
wherein R 1 is S.