Hydrogen chamber enclosed fuel cell stack and related fuel cell shutdown operation
A product includes a fuel cell stack, and an enclosure apparatus sealingly enclosing the fuel cell stack to define a hydrogen chamber between the fuel cell stack and the enclosure apparatus. An operation of the product may include maintaining a positive pressure of hydrogen in the hydrogen chamber.
1. A method comprising:
operating a fuel cell system including a fuel cell stack, and a fuel cell enclosure at least partially enclosing the fuel cell stack and at least partially defining a hydrogen chamber between the enclosure and the stack, which includes an anode side and a cathode side, the operating comprising including flowing hydrogen into the anode side and flowing air into the cathode side, producing electricity, and operating a primary electrical device connected to the stack using the electricity;
shutting down the stack including:
disconnecting the stack from the primary electrical device;
stopping the flow of air into and out of the cathode side;
maintaining a positive pressure of hydrogen in the hydrogen chamber between the enclosure and the stack above atmospheric pressure; and
allowing oxygen in the stack to be consumed by hydrogen.
2. The method as set forth in claim 1 , stopping the flow of hydrogen into the anode side after the flow of air into and out of the cathode side has stopped.
3. The method as set forth in claim 2 , wherein the maintaining the positive pressure and the stopping the flow of hydrogen into the anode side is carried out at about 110 to 120 kPa and until fuel cell stack temperature has cooled to less than about 50° C.
4. The method as set forth in claim 2 , wherein the maintaining the positive pressure is carried out at about 160 to 180 kPa.
5. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the maintaining the positive pressure is carried out passively after fuel cell stack shutdown.
6. The method as set froth in claim 5 , wherein the maintaining the positive pressure is carried out using a passively operated pressure regulator valve.
7. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein said fuel cell system further includes a hydrogen supply; said anode side include a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet: and the hydrogen chamber is in fluid communication with at least one of the hydrogen supply, hydrogen inlet or hydrogen outlet.
8. The method as set forth in claim 7 , wherein the fuel cell system further comprises a hydrogen recycle line in fluid communication with the hydrogen chamber and the anode inlet.
9. The method as set forth in claim 8 , wherein said fuel cell system further comprises a pump in fluid communication with the recycle line.
10. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the volume inside the hydrogen chamber is approximately the same as the reactant gas volume inside the fuel cell stack.
11. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen chamber is at least partially filled with an open pore and non-conductive foam.
12. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen chamber further includes a catalyst capable of promoting consumption of oxygen inside the chamber.
13. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen chamber further includes a baffle in sealing contact between an interior portion of the chamber and the exterior portion of the fuel cell stack.
14. The method as set forth in claim 1 , wherein the hydrogen chamber further includes a catalyst coated oxygen sensor adapted to measured air or oxygen leakage into the chamber.