Cooling system and method for an electric motor
An electric motor which has a separate end cap heat exchanger, through which a liquid coolant is passed, is disclosed. In one example embodiment, the electric motor is a traction motor or motor-generator in a hybrid electric vehicle having an internal combustion engine. Additionally, in one embodiment, the heat exchanger has a low-temperature coolant loop configured to extract energy from the motor coolant. The electric motor may be installed in a variety of vehicles or other applications having greatly differing cooling requirements. By placing the heat exchanger and control componentry in the end cap, the cooling capability of the electric motor can be changed by selecting an end cap with the appropriate heat transfer characteristics and control componentry to provide the desired cooling. Consequently, a single electric motor, with a variety of end cap choices, can be used in a variety of applications.
1. An electric motor comprising:
an end cap attached to the motor;
an internal heat exchanger disposed in the end cap, the internal heat exchanger having a first coolant passage conducting a first coolant within the motor, and a second coolant passage conducting a second coolant flowing through a second coolant loop external to the motor;
a bypass passage disposed in the end cap parallel to the first coolant passage;
a valve coupled to the first coolant passage and the bypass passage;
a thermal sensor disposed in the first coolant loop; and
an electronic control unit coupled to the valve and the thermal sensor, the electronic control unit controlling a position of the valve based on a signal from the thermal sensor.
2. The motor of claim 1 , further comprising:
a shaft fluid seal disposed in the end cap; and
an output shaft of the motor passing through the shaft fluid seal.
3. The motor of claim 1 , further comprising: a pump circulating the first coolant through a first coolant loop contained within the motor.
4. The motor of claim 1 , further comprising:
an external heat exchanger coupled to the second coolant loop; and
a pump disposed in the second coolant loop.
5. The motor of claim 1 wherein the end cap is nondestructibly removable from the motor.
6. The motor of claim 1 , wherein the motor is one of a motor generator and a traction motor.
7. An electric motor comprising:
an end cap attached to the motor;
an internal heat exchanger disposed in the end cap, the internal heat exchanger having a first coolant passage conducting a first coolant within the motor, and a second coolant passage conducting a second coolant flowing through a second coolant loop external to the motor;
wherein the electric motor is disposed in an automotive vehicle, the vehicle comprising:
a heat-generating unit other than the motor;
a heat-generating unit cooling loop adapted to circulate the second coolant;
an external heat exchanger disposed in the heat-generating unit cooling loop; and
a branch off of the heat-generating unit cooling loop coupled to the second coolant passage.
8. The motor of claim 7 wherein the heat-generating unit is one of: an internal combustion engine, a power-steering pump, a power electronics unit, a gearbox, and a transmission.
9. The motor of claim 7 wherein the second coolant is one of: a water-based coolant, a dielectric fluid, oil, and a lubricant.
10. The motor of claim 1 wherein the electric motor is disposed in an automotive vehicle, the vehicle comprising:
a refrigeration unit adapted to circulate refrigerant through a refrigeration loop; and
a branch off of the refrigeration loop coupled to the second coolant passage.
11. An electric motor assembly disposed within an automotive vehicle, comprising:
a motor body having a stator and a rotor; and
an end cap removably attached to the motor body, said end cap including:
an internal heat exchanger comprising a first coolant passage carrying a first coolant, a second coolant passage carrying a second coolant, and a pump adapted to circulate the second coolant through the second coolant passage;
at least one temperature sensor disposed in the first coolant passage;
a valve disposed in the second coolant passage; and
an electronic control unit coupled to the at least one temperature sensor and the valve wherein the electronic control unit controls a position of the valve in response to a signal from the at least one temperature sensor.
12. The motor assembly of claim 11 wherein the vehicle is a hybrid electric vehicle and the motor is one of a motor generator and a traction motor.
13. The motor of claim 3 , wherein the pump is powered by the motor.