Extraction of phytochemicals by enzymatic hydrolysis
A process for extracting phytochemicals from plants. The process generally comprises controllably slurrying a selected plant material in a volume, adding a selected enzyme the slurry while it is controllably agitated, then heating the controllably agitated slurry-enzyme mixture to a temperature from the range of 40° C. to 110° C., and then maintaining the slurry-enzyme mixture at that temperature for a selected period of time. The slurry is then separated into a solids fraction and a liquids fraction that contains extracted phytochemicals. The liquids fraction is controllably de-watered to produce a fluid extract concentrate. The liquids fraction may optionally be dried to produce a dried extract concentrate. Suitable enzymes for use with this process include α-amylases, β-amylases, endo-β-1,4-glucanases, cellobiohydrolases, cellulases, hemicellulases, β-glucosidases, β-xylosidases, xylanases, pullulases, esterases and mixtures thereof.
1. A process for extraction of polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and saponins from ginseng to form a ginseng extract concentrate, the process comprising:
a first step of washing ginseng with an alcohol solution and drying it to form a dried ginseng;
a second step of adding the dried ginseng to a volume of water and controllably agitating said volume of water thereby producing a controllably agitated slurry of said ginseng;
a third step comprising adding amylase to said controllably agitated slurry, said amylase selected for catabolizing at least one of cellulosic materials and starch materials, controllably heating said controllably agitated slurry to a temperature selected from a range of 40° C. to 110° C., and holding said controllably agitated slurry at said selected temperature for a period of time selected from a range of 0.5 hour to 24 hours;
a fourth step comprising separating said controllably agitated slurry into a first liquid fraction and a first solid fraction;
a fifth step comprising adding the first solid fraction to a volume of water, controllably agitating the water thereby producing a controllably agitated second slurry, controllably heating the controllably agitated second slurry to a temperature selected from a range of 40° C. to 110° C., holding said controllably agitated second slurry at said selected temperature for a period of time selected from a range of 30 minutes to 24 hours;
a sixth step of separating said controllably agitated second slurry into a second liquid fraction and a second solid fraction;
a seventh step comprising commingling said first liquid fraction and said second liquid fraction to form a first and second liquid fraction;
an eighth step comprising concentrating said first and second liquid fraction by controllably removing water therefrom, thereby producing a ginseng extract concentrate.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the process comprises an additional step of controllably drying said ginseng extract concentrate thereby producing a dried ginseng extract concentrate.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the amylase is α-amylase.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein between the third and fourth step, controllably acidifying the controllably agitated slurry containing said amylase to a pH selected from a range of 2.0 to 3.75.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein the dried ginseng in the first and second step is in powder form.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein the alcohol solution in the first step contains at least one C 1-3 alcohol.