GPR119 receptor agonists in methods of increasing bone mass and of treating osteoporosis and other conditions characterized by low bone mass, and combination therapy relating thereto
The present invention relates to the use of GPR119 receptor agonists for treating or preventing a condition characterized by low bone mass, such as osteoporosis, and for increasing bone mass in an individual. The present invention further relates to the use of a GPR119 receptor agonist in combination with a dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor for treating or preventing a condition characterized by low bone mass, such as osteoporosis, and for increasing bone mass in an individual. A GPR119 receptor agonist and the combination of a GPR119 receptor agonist and a DPP-IV inhibitor promote bone formation in an individual.
1. A method for increasing bone formation in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of a G protein coupled receptor 119 (GPR119) agonist.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the GPR119 agonist is administered in an amount sufficient to increase a Glucose-dependent Insulinotropic Peptide (GIP) level in the individual.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the individual is a human.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the GPR119 agonist is an agonist of human GPR119.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the GPR119 agonist is a small molecule.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the GPR119 agonist is a selective GPR119 agonist.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the GPR119 agonist has a selectivity for GPR119 over corticotrophin releasing factor-1 (CRF-1) receptor of at least 100-fold.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the GPR119 agonist has an EC50 of less than 10 μM.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the GPR119 agonist has an EC50 of less than 1 μM.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the GPR119 agonist has an EC50 of less than 100 nM.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the GPR119 agonist is orally active.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the GPR119 agonist is orally active and has an EC50 of less than 100 nM.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the GPR119 agonist is administered orally to the individual.
14. A method for increasing bone formation in an individual in need thereof, comprising administering to the individual a therapeutically effective amount of a GPR119 agonist and a Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitor.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the GPR119 agonist and the DPP-IV inhibitor are administered in amounts sufficient to increase a GIP level in the individual.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein the individual is a human.
17. The method of claim 14 , wherein the GPR119 agonist is an agonist of human GPR119 and/or the DPP-IV inhibitor is an inhibitor of human DPP-IV.
18. The method of claim 14 , wherein the GPR119 agonist is a small molecule and/or the DPP-IV inhibitor is a small molecule.
19. The method of claim 14 , wherein the GPR119 agonist has an EC50 of less than 10 μM and/or the DPP-IV inhibitor has an IC 50 of less than 10 μM.
20. The method of claim 14 , wherein the GPR119 agonist is a selective GPR119 agonist.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein the GPR119 agonist has a selectivity for GPR119 over CRF-1 receptor of at least 100-fold.
22. The method of claim 14 , wherein the GPR119 agonist has an EC50 of less than 1 μM.
23. The method of claim 14 , wherein the GPR119 agonist has an EC50 of less than 100 nM.
24. The method of claim 14 , wherein the GPR119 agonist is orally active.
25. The method of claim 14 , wherein the GPR119 agonist is orally active and has an EC50 of less than 100 nM.
26. The method of claim 14 , wherein the DPP-IV inhibitor is a selective DPP-IV inhibitor.
27. The method of claim 14 , wherein the DPP-IV inhibitor is orally active.
28. The method of claim 14 , wherein the DPP-IV inhibitor has an IC50 of less than 10 μM.
29. The method of claim 14 , wherein the DPP-IV inhibitor has an IC50 of less than 1 μM.
30. The method of claim 14 , wherein the DPP-IV inhibitor has an IC50 of less than 100 nM.
31. The method of claim 14 , wherein the DPP-IV inhibitor is orally active and has an IC50 of less than 100 nM.
32. The method of claim 14 , wherein the DPP-IV inhibitor is an inhibitor of human DPP-IV.
33. The method of claim 14 , wherein the GPR119 agonist is orally active and has an EC50 of less than 100 nM, and the DPP-IV inhibitor is orally active and has an IC50 of less than 100 nM.
34. The method of claim 14 , wherein the GPR119 agonist has a selectivity for GPR119 over CRF-1 receptor of at least 100-fold, and the DPP-IV inhibitor has a selectivity for human plasma DPP-IV over one or more of PPCE, DPP-II, DPP-8 and DPP-9 of at least 100-fold.
35. The method of claim 14 , wherein the DPP-IV inhibitor is:
MK-0431: 3(R)-Amino-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-7-yl]5-trifluorophenyl)butan-1-one;
LAF237: (1-[[3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl)amino]acetyl]-2-cyano-(S)-pyrrolidine;
BMS-477118: (1S,3S,5S)-2-[2(S)-Amino-2-(3-hydroxyadamantan-1-yl)acetyl]-2 azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3-carbonitrile; 3-(L-Isoleucyl)thiazolidine;
NVP-DPP728: 1-[2-[5-cyanopyridin-2 yl)amino]ethylamino]acetyl-2-cyano-(S)-pyrrolidine;
PT-100: [1-[2(S)-Amino-3-methylbutyryl]pyrrolidin-2(R)-yl]boronic acid; or
SYR-322.
36. The method of claim 14 , wherein the DPP-IV inhibitor is:
MK-0431: 3(R)-Amino-1-[3-(trifluoromethyl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro [1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrazin-7-yl]-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butan-1-one.
37. The method of claim 14 , wherein the DPP-IV inhibitor is:
LAF237: (1-[[3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl)amino]acetyl]-2-cyano-(S)-pyrrolidine.
38. The method of claim 14 , wherein the DPP-IV inhibitor is:
BMS-477118: (1S,3S,5S)-2-[2(S)-Amino-2-(3-hydroxyadamantan-1-yl)acetyl]- 2 azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexane-3-carbonitrile.