Thermoplastic vulcanizate adhesive compositions
The invention described is a thermoplastic vulcanizate comprising dynamically-cured rubber, a functionalized thermoplastic polymer, and a functionalized hydrocarbon resin, which thermoplastic vulcanizate can be advantageously adhered to a polar substrate, for example by overmolding. In one or more embodiments of the present invention an article of commerce comprising: a) a polar substrate, and the b) a thermoplastic vulcanizate comprised of dynamically-cured rubber, a functionalized thermoplastic polymer, and a functionalized hydrocarbon resin; wherein said thermoplastic vulcanizate is adhered to the polar substrate is provided.
1. A thermoplastic vulcanizate comprising:
dynamically-cured rubber comprising an elastomeric copolymer, where the elastomeric copolymer is a terpolymer polymerized from ethylene, propylene, and nonconjugated diene monomer;
from about 5 to about 40% by weight of a non-functionalized propylene-based thermoplastic polymer characterized by a crystallinity in excess of 2% and less than 25%, a flexural modulus, per ASTM D-790A at 23° C., less than 150 MPa, a melt temperature of at least 100° C. and less than 250° C., and a melt flow rate, per ASTM D-1238 at 230° C. and 2.16 kg/load, of about 0.2 to about 1,000 dg/min.;
from about 5 to about 60% by weight of a maleated propylene-based polymer having a melt flow rate from about 20 to about 2,000 dg/min per ASTM D-1238 at 230° C. and 2.1 kg load and the maleated polypropylene-based polymer has at least 0.2% by weight functionalization; and
from about 0.5 to about 20% by weight of a functionalized tackifier resin comprising a maleated hydrocarbon resin, based on the total weight of the rubber and thermoplastic polymer combined, where the functionalized tackifier resin is characterised by a softening point of from about 15° C. to about 210° C., as determined by ASTM E-28(Rev. 1996), a glass transition temperature of less than 120° C., as determined by ASTM D 341-88 by DSC, a saponification number of greater than 10, and an acid number of greater than 10.
2. The thermoplastic vulcanizate of claim 1 , where the non-functionalized thermoplastic polymer is characterized by a crystallinity in excess of 5% and less than 20%, a flexural modulus, per ASTM D-790A at 23° C., less than 110 MPa, a melt temperature of at least 120° C. and less than 200° C., and a melt flow rate, per ASTM D-1238 at 230° C. and 2.16 kg/load, of about 1 to about 10 dg/min.
3. The thermoplastic vulcanizate of claim 1 , where the thermoplastic vulcanizate comprises from about 10 to about 40% by weight of the functionalized thermoplastic polymer, from about 1 to about 15% by weight of the functionalized hydrocarbon resin, and from about 15 to about 25% by weight of the non-functionalized thermoplastic polymer, based on the total weight of the rubber and thermoplastic polymer combined.
4. The thermoplastic vulcanizate of claim 1 , where the non-functionalized propylene-based thermoplastic polymer includes a propylene impact copolymer.
5. The thermoplastic vulcanizate of claim 1 , where the non-functionalized propylene-based thermoplastic polymer has a heat of fusion that is less than 50 j/g.
6. The thermoplastic vulcanizate of claim 1 , where the tackifier resin has a number average molecular weight of from about 400 g/mole to about 3,000 g/mole.
7. The thermoplastic vulcanizate of claim 1 , where the maleated hydrocarbon resin is a maleated resin selected from the group consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbon resins, at least partially hydrogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon resins, aliphatic/aromatic hydrocarbon resins, at least partially hydrogenated aliphatic aromatic hydrocarbon resins, cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon resins, at least partially hydrogenated cycloaliphatic resins, cycloaliphatic/aromatic hydrocarbon resins, at least partially hydrogenated cycloaliphatic/aromatic hydrocarbon resins, at least partially hydrogenated aromatic hydrocarbon resins, polyterpene resins, terpene-phenol resins, rosin esters, and mixtures of two or more thereof.
8. The thermoplastic vulcanizate of claim 1 , where the rubber has a number average molecular weight of from 100,000 to 400,000.
9. The thermoplastic vulcanizate of claim 8 , where the dynamically-cured rubber is cured to an extent where not more than six weight percent of the rubber is extractable by cyclohexane at 23° C.
10. The thermoplastic vulcanizate of claim 1 , where said rubber is dynamically cured by employing a silicon-containing catalyst.
11. The thermoplastic vulcanizate of claim 1 , where the functionalized tackifier resin is a grafted tackifier resin and includes a grafted synthetic hydrocarbon resin, a grafted synthetic oligomer, a grafted natural resin, or a combination thereof.
12. The thermoplastic vulcanizate of claim 11 , where said grafted tackifier resin results from combining, contacting, or reacting a tackifier resin with a graft monomer.
13. The thermoplastic vulcanizate of claim 11 , where said grafted tackifier resin results from combining a grafting monomer with a hydrocarbon resin in a mole ratio of from about 0.1:1 to about 1:1.
14. The thermoplastic vulcanizate of claim 11 , where said grafted tackifier resin results from combining a grafting monomer with a oligomer in a mole ratio of from about 0.2:1 to about 5:1.
15. The thermoplastic vulcanizate of claim 1 , where the vulcanizate is formed into a gripable surface on goods selected from kitchen utensils, tools, toothbrushes, pens and pencils, and athletic equipment.
16. An article of commerce comprising:
a) a polar substrate; and
b) the thermoplastic vulcanizate of claim 1 .
17. A thermoplastic vulcanizate comprising:
dynamically-cured rubber comprising an elastomeric copolymer, where the elastomeric copolymer is a terpolymer polymerized from ethylene, propylene, and nonconjugated diene monomer;
from about 5 to about 40% by weight of a non-functionalized propylene-based thermoplastic polymer characterized by a crystallinity in excess of 2% and less than 25%, a flexural modulus, per ASTM D-790A at 23° C., less than 150 MPa, a melt temperature of at least 100° C. and less than 250° C., a melt flow rate, per ASTM D-1238 at 230° C. and 2.16 kg/load, of about 0.2 to about 1,000 dg/min., and a heat of fusion that is less than 50 j/g;
from about 5 to about 60% by weight of a maleated propylene-based polymer having a melt flow rate from about 20 to about 2,000 dg/min per ASTM D-1238 at 230° C. and 2.1 kg load and the maleated polypropylene-based polymer has at least 0.2% by weight functionalization; and
from about 0.5 to about 20% by weight of a functionalized tackifier resin comprising a maleated hydrocarbon resin, based on the total weight of the rubber and thermoplastic polymer combined.
18. A thermoplastic vulcanizate comprising:
dynamically-cured rubber comprising an elastomeric copolymer, where the elastomeric copolymer is a terpolymer polymerized from ethylene, propylene, and nonconjugated diene monomer, and where the rubber, prior to curing, has a number average molecular weight of from 100,000 to 400,000;
from about 5 to about 40% by weight of a non-functionalized propylene-based thermoplastic polymer characterized by a crystallinity in excess of 2% and less than 25%, a flexural modulus, per ASTM D-790A at 23° C., less than 150 MPa, a melt temperature of at least 100° C. and less than 250° C., and a melt flow rate, per ASTM D-1238 at 230° C. and 2.16 kg/load, of about 0.2 to about 1,000 dg/min.;
from about 5 to about 60% by weight of a maleated propylene-based polymer having a melt flow rate from about 20 to about 2,000 dg/min per ASTM D-1238 at 230° C. and 2.1 kg load and the maleated polypropylene-based polymer has at least 0.2% by weight functionalization; and
from about 0.5 to about 20% by weight of a functionalized tackifier resin comprising a maleated hydrocarbon resin, based on the total weight of the rubber and thermoplastic polymer combined.
19. The thermoplastic vulcanizate of claim 18 , where the dynamically-cured rubber is cured to an extent where not more than six weight percent of the rubber is extractable by cyclohexane at 23° C.
20. The thermoplastic vulcanizate of claim 18 , where said rubber is dynamically cured by employing a silicon-containing catalyst.
21. The thermoplastic vulcanizate of claim 18 , where the tackifier resin has a number average molecular weight of from about 400 g/mole to about 3,000 g/mole.
22. The thermoplastic vulcanizate of claim 18 , where the maleated hydrocarbon resin is a maleated resin selected from the group consisting of aliphatic hydrocarbon resins, at least partially hydrogenated aliphatic hydrocarbon resins, aliphatic/aromatic hydrocarbon resins, at least partially hydrogenated aliphatic aromatic hydrocarbon resins, cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon resins, at least partially hydrogenated cycloaliphatic resins, cycloaliphatic/aromatic hydrocarbon resins, at least partially hydrogenated cycloaliphatic/aromatic hydrocarbon resins, at least partially hydrogenated aromatic hydrocarbon resins, polyterpene resins, terpene-phenol resins, rosin esters, and mixtures of two or more thereof.