Apparatus for making extracorporeal blood circulation available
The present invention relates to an apparatus for making extracorporeal blood circulation available, in a particular a heart-lung machine, comprising machine, comprising a venous connection and an arterial connection, between which a blood reservoir, a blood pump and a bubble detector for the detection of air bubbles are provided, with, downstream of the bubble detector, an arterial line leading to the arterial connection via an arterial clamp and a bypass leading via a bypass clamp back into the blood reservoir which is connected to a pump extracting air from the blood reservoir. In addition, the present invention relates to a method of operating such an apparatus.
1. A method of operating an apparatus for making extracorporeal blood circulation available, said method comprising the steps of:
pumping blood entering through a venous connection through a blood reservoir to an arterial line leading to an arterial connection;
detecting the presence or absence of air bubbles in the arterial line by means of a bubble detector arranged upstream of the arterial connection;
upon detection of an air bubble by the bubble detector, closing an arterial clamp disposed between the bubble detector and the arterial connection and opening a bypass clamp so that the blood is guided from the bubble detector via a bypass back into the blood reservoir and extracting air from the blood reservoir by means of an air extraction pump; and
when the bubble detector no longer detects any air bubbles, opening the arterial clamp, closing the bypass clamp, and reestablishing the operating state prevailing before the detection of an air bubble.
2. The method in accordance with claim 1 , further comprising the step of opening the bypass clamp at regular time intervals to flush the bypass.
3. The method in accordance with claim 1 , further comprising the step of oxygenating the blood upstream of the bubble detector or the step of filtering the blood upstream of the bubble detector, or both.
4. The method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein an oxygenator and/or an arterial filter are connected to the blood reservoir via a venting line, said venting line comprising venting clamps, wherein the method further comprises opening the venting clamps in the venting line at regular time intervals.
5. The method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the blood pump is a centrifugal pump with a central inlet and a tangential outlet, with the tangential outlet facing downwardly when the apparatus is in an operating position.
6. The method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein said air extraction pump is a roller pump with a clamping function.
7. The method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein air extracted from the blood reservoir is conveyed from the blood reservoir into an air container.
8. The method in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the blood reservoir comprises an inlet region and an outlet region separated by a membrane impermeable for air bubbles.
9. The method in accordance with claim 1 , further comprising the steps of:
monitoring a filling level indicative of a volume of blood in the reservoir;
upon the detection of a filling level beneath a first threshold value, extracting air from the blood reservoir by means of the air extraction pump and,
upon the detection of a filling level beneath a second threshold value lying beneath the first threshold value, stopping the blood pump.
10. A method of operating an apparatus for making extracorporeal blood circulation available, said method comprising the steps of:
pumping blood entering through a venous connection through a blood reservoir into a central inlet of a centrifugal pump and out from the centrifugal pump through a tangentially, downwardly oriented outlet to an arterial line leading to an arterial connection;
oxygenating and filtering the blood at a location upstream of the arterial line;
detecting the presence or absence of air bubbles in the arterial line by means of a bubble detector arranged upstream of the arterial connection;
upon detection of an air bubble by the bubble detector, closing an arterial clamp disposed between the bubble detector and the arterial connection and opening a bypass clamp so that the blood is guided from the bubble detector via a bypass back into the blood reservoir and extracting air from the blood reservoir by means of a roller pump that conveys air from the blood reservoir into an air container;
when the bubble detector no longer detects any air bubbles, opening the arterial clamp, closing the bypass clamp, and reestablishing the operating state prevailing before the detection of the air bubble;
monitoring a filling level indicative of a volume of blood in the reservoir;
upon detection of a filling level beneath a first threshold value, extracting air from the blood reservoir by means of the roller pump; and
upon detection of a filling level beneath a second threshold value lying beneath the first threshold value, stopping the centrifugal pump;
wherein the blood reservoir comprises an inlet region and an outlet region separated by a membrane impermeable for air bubbles.