Tissue engineered cartilage, method of making same, therapeutic and cosmetic surgical applications using same
Cartilage has been constructed using biodegradable electrospun polymeric scaffolds seeded with chondrocytes or adult mesenchymal stem cells. More particularly engineered cartilage has been prepared where the cartilage has a biodegradable and biocompatible nanofibrous polymer support prepared by electrospinning and a plurality of chondocytes or mesenchymal stem cells dispersed in the pores of the support. The tissue engineered cartilages of the invention possess compressive strength properties similar to natural cartilage. Methods of preparing engineered tissues, including tissue engineered cartilages, are provided in which an electrospun nanofibrous polymer support is provided, the support is treated with a cell solution and the polymer-cell mixture cultured in a rotating bioreactor to generate the cartilage. The invention provides for the use of the tissue engineered cartilages in the treatment of cartilage degenerative diseases, reconstructive surgery, and cosmetic surgery.
1. A tissue engineered cartilage, comprising
a nanofibrous polymer support comprising a plurality of polymer nanofibers; and
a plurality of chondrocytes dispersed throughout the polymer support, wherein the tissue engineered cartilage has a peak compressive stress (Young's modulus) of greater than 250 Mpa wherein the nanofibrous polymer support comprises a non-woven mat of electrospun nanofibers having a diameter of less than 1 micron, and wherein the nanofibers of the non-woven mat are randomly oriented.
2. The tissue engineered cartilage of claim 1 , wherein the nanofibrous polymer support comprises polymer nanofibers having a diameter of less than 1 micron.
3. The tissue engineered cartilage of claim 2 , wherein the polymer nanofibers have a diameter of between 50 nm and 1 micron.
4. The tissue engineered cartilage of claim 2 , wherein the polymer nanofibers have a substantially uniform diameter.
5. The tissue engineered cartilage of claim 1 , wherein the nanofibrous polymer support is composed of at least one biodegradable polyester or blend thereof.