Fuel oil compositions
This invention relates to fuel oil, especially middle distillate fuel oil, compositions comprising middle distillate fuel oil and incorporated therein an incorporated therein an additive composition comprising (a) at least one fuel-soluble or fuel-dispersible neutral alkaline earth metal compound and/or at least one fuel-soluble or fuel-dispersible neutral alkali metal compound, and (b) at least one fuel-soluble or fuel-dispersible transition metal compound, characterized in that the fuel oil composition contains at most 0.05 mass % of sulfur, the total metal content derived from (a) and (b) in the fuel oil composition is at most 50 ppm by mass, and the mass proportion of (a) to (b), based on metal content, is in the range of from 1:99 to 99:1.
1. A process for improving the regenerative ability of a particulate trap of a fuel oil composition device, which process consists of:
supplying directly to the trap an additive composition and/or adding to the fuel oil combustion device a fuel oil composition incorporating an additive composition;
wherein the additive composition consists of:
(a) at least one fuel-soluble or fuel-dispersible alkaline earth metal compound selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfonate and calcium salicylate, and
(b) at least one fuel-soluble or fuel-dispersible transition metal compound including a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, copper, cerium, chromium, cobalt and molybdenum; and
wherein the fuel oil composition contains at most 0.05 mass percent of sulfur, the total metal content of the alkaline earth metal compound and the transition metal compound in the fuel oil composition is at most 50 ppm by mass, the mass proportion of metal in the alkaline earth metal compound to metal in the transition metal compound is in the range of about 60:40 to about 95:5, the alkaline earth metal compound includes an organic anion and metal associated with the organic anion, the ratio of metal in the alkaline earth compound to metal associated with the organic anion is less than about 2, and the fuel composition does not comprise a manganese compound.
2. The process of claim 1 in which the additive composition consists of at least one fuel-soluble or fuel-dispersible neutral calcium sulfonate or calcium salicylate and at least one fuel-soluble or fuel-dispersible iron compound.
3. The process of claim 1 in which the transition metal compound is selected from the group consisting of a salt of an organic acid, ferrocene or a derivative of ferrocene.
4. The process of claim 3 in which the organic acid is selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid anhydride, alcohol, phenol, sulfurized phenol, salicylic acid and sulfonic acid.
5. The process of claim 1 in which the transition metal compound is ferrocene.
6. The process of claim 1 in which the mass proportion of the alkaline earth metal compound to the transition metal compound, based on metal content, is in the range of about 70:30 to about 95:5.
7. The process of claim 1 in which the total metal content by mass of the alkaline earth metal compound and the transition metal compound in the fuel oil composition is in the range of about 0.1 to about 50 ppm.
8. A process for improving the regenerative ability of a particulate trap of a fuel oil composition device, which process consists of:
supplying directly to the trap an additive composition;
wherein the additive composition consists of:
(a) at least one fuel-soluble or fuel-dispersible alkaline earth metal compound selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfonate and calcium salicylate, and
(b) at least one fuel-soluble or fuel-dispersible transition metal compound including a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, copper, cerium, chromium, cobalt and molybdenum; and
wherein the fuel oil composition contains at most 0.05 mass percent of sulfur, the total metal content of the alkaline earth metal compound and the transition metal compound in the fuel oil composition is at most 50 ppm by mass, the mass proportion of metal in the alkaline earth metal compound to metal in the transition metal compound is in the range of about 60:40 to about 95:5, the alkaline earth metal compound includes an organic anion and metal associated with the organic anion, the ratio of metal in the alkaline earth compound to metal associated with the organic anion is less than about 2, and the fuel composition does not comprise a manganese compound.
9. The process of claim 8 in which the additive composition consist of at least one fuel-soluble or fuel-dispersible neutral calcium sulfonate or calcium salicylate and at least one fuel-soluble or fuel-dispersible iron compound.
10. The process of claim 8 in which the transition metal compound is selected from the group consisting of a salt of an organic acid, ferrocene or a derivative of ferrocene.
11. The process of claim 10 in which the organic acid is selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid anhydride, alcohol, phenol, sulfurized phenol, salicylic acid and sulfonic acid.
12. The process of claim 8 in which the transition metal compound is ferrocene.
13. The process of claim 8 in which the mass proportion of the alkaline earth metal compound to the transition metal compound, based on metal content, is in the range of about 70:30 to about 95:5.
14. A process for improving the regenerative ability of a particulate trap of a fuel oil composition device, which process consists of:
adding to the fuel oil combustion device a fuel oil composition incorporating an additive composition;
wherein the additive composition consists of:
(a) at least one fuel-soluble or fuel-dispersible alkaline earth metal compound selected from the group consisting of calcium sulfonate and calcium salicylate, and
(b) at least one fuel-soluble or fuel-dispersible transition metal compound including a transition metal selected from the group consisting of iron, copper, cerium, chromium, cobalt and molybdenum; and
wherein the fuel oil composition contains at most 0.05 mass percent of sulfur, the total metal content of the alkaline earth metal compound and the transition metal compound in the fuel oil composition is at most 50 ppm by mass, the mass proportion of metal in the alkaline earth metal compound to metal in the transition metal compound is in the range of about 60:40 to about 95:5, the alkaline earth metal compound includes an organic anion and metal associated with the organic anion, the ratio of metal in the alkaline earth compound to metal associated with the organic anion is less than about 2, and the fuel composition does not comprise a manganese compound.
15. The process of claim 14 in which the additive composition consist of at least one fuel-soluble or fuel-dispersible neutral calcium sulfonate or calcium salicylate and at least one fuel-soluble or fuel-dispersible iron compound.
16. The process of claim 14 in which the transition metal compound is selected from the group consisting of a salt of an organic acid, ferrocene or a derivative of ferrocene.
17. The process of claim 16 in which the organic acid is selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid, carboxylic acid anhydride, alcohol, phenol, sulfurized phenol, salicylic acid and sulfonic acid.
18. The process of claim 14 in which the transition metal compound is ferrocene.
19. The process of claim 14 in which the mass proportion of the alkaline earth metal compound to the transition metal compound, based on metal content, is in the range of about 70:30 to about 95:5.