Microcirculation imaging
An image is created of blood circulation deep (e.g. a plurality of millimeters) below the surface of living tissue to aid in evaluating a patient. A first beam ( 26 ) of circularly polarized light is directed forwardly (F) against an outer surface ( 14 ) of the tissue. Light that has penetrated to only a shallow depth before moving rearwardly and out of the tissue remains polarized and is blocked by a filter ( 38 ). Light that has penetrated to greater depths ( 12 ), is scattered more and becomes depolarized, and a portion of it passes through the depolarizing filter ( 38 ) and is focused on a photodetector ( 48 ) to create an image. Light spots ( 54 ) on the image that move, represent spaces between blood platelets ( 52 ) that are moving through a capillary, and indicates the velocity of blood through the capillary.
1. A method for use in producing an image of blood that is flowing in capillaries lying within living tissue, comprising:
directing a first beam of circularly polarized light that is circularly polarized in a predetermined direction, primarily forwardly towards an outer surface of the tissue and allowing the circularly polarized light to penetrate forwardly deep into the tissue and, by light scattering, create a second beam comprising a quantity of light that passes rearwardly through and outside the tissue while illuminating the tissue it passes through and becoming partially unpolarized;
passing the second beam of partially unpolarized light through a depolarizing filter that blocks all except unpolarized light to produce an unpolarized second beam portion;
focusing the unpolarized second beam portion onto a photodetector that produces signals representing images of blood particles flowing through capillaries in the tissue.
2. The method described in claim 1 wherein:
said step of directing a first beam includes directing a pair of beam portions that are each circularly polarized toward said tissue outer surface, and through different regions of said tissue outer surface that are spaced apart at said tissue outer surface to leave a gap between them, so the pair of beam portions do not overlap at a shallow region within the tissue but they overlap deep within the tissue.
3. The method described in claim 1 wherein:
said step of directing a first beam includes directing primarily light that has a wavelength that is absorbed by blood platelets in a greater percent than the percent absorbed by any other frequencies of light.
4. Apparatus for displaying an image of the flow of blood in capillaries of living tissue, comprising:
means for directing polarized light primarily forwardly along a first path toward an outer surface of the tissue to pass into the tissue, and for passing rearwardly-moving light that emerges from said tissue outer surface through an optic system that passes primarily only unpolarized light;
means for focusing the primarily unpolarized light onto a photo detector and for displaying the image that is focused on the photo detector; and
said means for displaying includes a lens that forms optical images of the actual movement of actual spaces between blood platelets moving in a capillary and of blood platelets that lie between said spaces.
5. The apparatus described in claim 4 wherein:
said means for directing light forwardly includes means for generating at least two beam portions that converge and that are spaced apart to leave a gap between them at the outer surface of the tissue and that overlap only deep within the tissue.
6. The apparatus described in claim 4 wherein:
said means for directing light forwardly includes means for directing a cone-shaped beam with a cone-shaped hole in the middle of the beam, toward an outer surface of the tissue, where the cone-shaped beam with a hole converges only within the tissue at a depth of a plurality of millimeters.
7. The apparatus described in claim 4 wherein:
said means for directing includes a beam splitter formed by a pair of prisms with contacting faces that has a plurality of perpendicular faces, a circular polarizer filter attached facewise to a first of said faces, and a depolarizer filter attached facewise to another of said faces.