Calcium aluminate clinker as a refractory aggregate with and without barium addition and use thereof
A method of providing a safety lining in an industrial processing container, such as an aluminum electrolytic cell, is provided comprising providing a container having an interior and a at least one primary lining in juxtaposition to said interior of said shell, and adding a calcium aluminate clinker and/or castable layer between the primary lining and the shell of the container. Further, a method of trapping one or more gasses, elements or compounds produced from industrial processes is provided using the container having the calcium aluminate layer as herein described. An electrolytic cell is disclosed comprising a shell having an interior, one or more primary linings in juxtaposition to the interior of the shell, and one or more safety linings located between the primary lining and the shell, wherein at least one of the safety linings comprises a calcium aluminate clinker and/or castable.
1. A method of providing a safety lining in an industrial processing container comprising:
providing a container having a shell and an interior and at least one primary lining located in said interior of said container and in juxtaposition to said shell; and
adding one or more safety linings between the primary lining and the shell of said container, wherein at least one of said safety linings comprises a calcium aluminate clinker in the form of a castable or as a loose fill or a combination of a castable and a loose fill, and wherein said calcium aluminate clinker contains greater than 97 average weight percent calcium aluminate, less than 1.01 weight percent MgO impurity and less than 2.25 average weight percent of all mineralogical impurities.
2. The method of claim 1 including wherein said calcium aluminate clinker and/or castable safety lining has a thickness of at least about 1.25 centimeters.
3. The method of claim 1 including providing an aluminum electrolytic cell as said container.
4. A method of trapping a gas, element or compound produced from an industrial process comprising:
providing a container having a shell and an interior and a primary lining located in said interior of said container and in juxtaposition to said shell;
adding one or more safety linings behind said primary lining of said container, wherein at least one of said safety linings comprises a calcium aluminate clinker in the form of a castable or as a loose fill or a combination of a castable and a loose fill, and wherein said calcium aluminate clinker contains greater than 97 average weight percent calcium aluminate, less than 1.01 weight percent MgO impurity and less than 2.25 average weight percent of all mineralogical impurities;
adding to said interior of said container an electrolytic bath;
effecting the failure of said primary lining of said container causing a penetration of the electrolytic bath through said primary lining and the formation of one or more gasses, elements or compounds;
contacting of one or more of said gasses, elements or compounds with said calcium aluminate clinker and/or castable safety lining; and
trapping of one or more of said gasses, elements or compounds by said calcium aluminate clinker and/or castable safety lining.
5. The method of claim 4 including providing an electrolytic cell as said container.
6. The method of claim 4 including providing an electrowinning process as said industrial process.
7. The method of claim 4 including wherein at least one of said gasses comprise at least one halogen.
8. The method of claim 7 including wherein said halogen is selected from the group consisting of fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine.
9. An electrolytic cell comprising:
a shell having an interior;
one or more primary linings in juxtaposition to said interior of said shell; and
one or more safety linings located between said primary lining and said shell, wherein at least one of said safety linings comprises a calcium aluminate clinker in the form as a castable or as a loose fill or a combination of a castable and a loose fill, wherein said calcium aluminate clinker contains greater than 97 average weight percent calcium aluminate, less than 1.01 weight percent MgO impurity and less than 2.25 average weight percent of all mineralogical impurities.