Chemical exchange saturation transfer based MRI using reporter genes and MRI methods related thereto
Featured are a new class of reporter genes including reporter compositions as well as methods, MRI systems and MRI imaging kits related thereto. The genes according to the present invention provide MR contrast when the sample/subject is irradiated at a specific off-resonance radio-frequency (RF frequency), where the contrast mechanism utilizes chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) technique for imaging.
1. A method for evaluating biological tissue, comprising the steps of:
introducing a non-metallic reporter gene into cells to be imaged, wherein the non-metallic reporter gene encodes a protein that is enriched with an amino acid from the list consisting of lysine, argentine, histidine, cysteine, tyrosine and serine; and
imaging the cells using a CEST based MRI technique without binding of metallic or exogenous substrates or agents.
2. The method for evaluating biological tissue of claim 1 , wherein the non-paramagnetic reporter gene is an argenine rich protein.
3. The method of evaluating biological tissue of claim 1 , wherein the non-paramagnetic reporter gene is one of a histidine, cysteine, tyrosine and serine rich protein.
4. The method of evaluating biological tissue of claim 1 , wherein said introducing includes introducing a first type of non-metallic reporter gene into certain of the cells and introducing a second type of non-metallic reporter gene into other of the cells.
5. The method for evaluating tissue of claim 4 , wherein the first type of non-metallic reporter gene is different from the second type of non-metallic reporter gene.
6. The method of evaluating biological tissue of claim 1 , wherein said introducing includes introducing a non-metallic reporter gene into certain of the cells and introducing a paramagnetic material into the other of the cells, whereby the non-metallic reporter gene allows for continued monitoring of rapidly dividing cells.
7. The method for evaluating tissue of claim 6 , wherein the non-metallic reporter gene is selected from the group consisting of a lysine rich protein, an argenine rich protein, a histidine rich protein, cysteine rich protein, a tyrosine rich protein or a serine rich protein.