Rubber mixture comprising environmentally friendly softeners
The invention relates to a rubber mixture, in particular for vehicle air-inflated tires, seat belts, belts and hoses. The rubber mixture is characterized by the following composition: at least one polar or non-polar rubber and at least one bright and/or dark filler and at least one softener, wherein the softener is free of polycyclic aromatics according to Directive 76/769/EEC, and wherein the carbon source for the softener comes from non-fossil sources, and other additives.
1. A rubber mixture, comprising:
at least one polar or nonpolar rubber;
at least one pale-colored and/or dark-colored filler;
at least one plasticizer, where the plasticizer is free from polycyclic aromatics, as in Directive 76/769/EEC, and the carbon source for the plasticizer derives from non-fossil sources and the plasticizer takes the form of a heavy oil fraction and has at least 25 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain, which may be a branched or unbranched chain; and
further additives.
2. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the polar or nonpolar rubber is selected from the group consisting of natural polyisoprene; synthetic polyisoprene; butadiene rubber; styrene-butadiene rubber; solution-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber; emulsion-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber; liquid rubbers; halobutyl rubber; polynorbornene; isoprene-isobutylene copolymer; ethylene-propylene-diene rubber; nitrile rubber; chloroprene rubber; acrylate rubber; fluoro rubber; silicone rubber; polysulfide rubber; epichlorohydrin rubber; styrene-isoprene-butadiene terpolymer; hydrogenated acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber; isoprene-butadiene copolymer; and hydrogenated styrene-butadiene rubber, or a mixture thereof.
3. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the polar or nonpolar rubber is at least one natural polyisoprene.
4. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the polar or nonpolar rubber is at least one synthetic polyisoprene.
5. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the polar or nonpolar rubber is at least one butadiene rubber.
6. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 5 , wherein the butadiene rubber is a hydrogenated butadiene rubber.
7. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the polar or nonpolar rubber is at least one styrene-butadiene rubber.
8. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the styrene-butadiene rubber is a solution-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber.
9. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the styrene-butadiene rubber is an emulsion-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber.
10. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 7 , wherein the styrene-butadiene rubber is a hydrogenated styrene-butadiene rubber.
11. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the rubber mixture comprises from 0 to 50 phr of natural polyisoprene and/or synthetic polyisoprene.
12. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the rubber mixture comprises from 0 to 40 phr of natural polyisoprene and/or synthetic polyisoprene.
13. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 12 , wherein the rubber mixture comprises from 0 to 30 phr of natural polyisoprene and/or synthetic polyisoprene.
14. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the rubber mixture comprises from 0 to 20 phr of natural polyisoprene and/or synthetic polyisoprene.
15. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the rubber mixture comprises at least 0.1 phr, in particular at least 0.5 phr, of natural polyisoprene and/or synthetic polyisoprene.
16. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the rubber mixture comprises from 2 to 60 phr of butadiene rubber.
17. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 16 , wherein the rubber mixture comprises from 2 to 50 phr of butadiene rubber.
18. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 17 , wherein the rubber mixture comprises from 5 to 50 phr of butadiene rubber.
19. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 18 , wherein the rubber mixture comprises from 10 to 50 phr of butadiene rubber.
20. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 19 , wherein the rubber mixture comprises from 10 to 45 phr of butadiene rubber.
21. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the rubber mixture comprises from 2 to 98 phr of solution-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber.
22. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 21 , wherein the rubber mixture comprises from 2 to 90 phr of solution-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber.
23. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 22 , wherein the rubber mixture comprises from 2 to 80 phr of solution-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber.
24. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 23 , wherein the rubber mixture comprises from 5 to 80 phr of solution-polymerized styrene-butadiene rubber.
25. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the rubber has been modified.
26. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the pale-colored filler is silica.
27. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 26 , wherein the silica is precipitated silica.
28. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the rubber mixture comprises from 1 to 300 phr of silica.
29. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 28 , wherein the rubber mixture comprises from 1 to 250 phr of silica.
30. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 29 , wherein the rubber mixture comprises from 1 to 200 phr of silica.
31. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 30 , wherein the rubber mixture comprises from 1 to 150 phr of silica.
32. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 31 , wherein the rubber mixture comprises from 1 to 100 phr of silica.
33. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the BET surface area of the silica is greater than or equal to 100 m 2 /g.
34. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the extent of coupling of the silica to the polymer matrix via a coupling agent is zero or partial or complete.
35. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 34 , wherein the coupling agent is a silane.
36. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 35 , wherein the coupling agent is an organosilicon compound.
37. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 34 , wherein the amount of the coupling agent is from 0 to 20 phr.
38. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 37 , wherein the amount of the coupling agent is from 0.1 to 15 phr.
39. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 38 , wherein the amount of the coupling agent is from 0.5 to 10 phr.
40. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the dark-colored filler is carbon black.
41. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the rubber mixture comprises from 0 to 100 phr of at least one carbon black.
42. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 41 , wherein the rubber mixture comprises from 0 to 80 phr of at least one carbon black.
43. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the rubber mixture comprises at least 0.1 phr, in particular at least 0.5 phr, of at least one carbon black.
44. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the plasticizer which is free from polycyclic aromatics, as in Directive 76/769/EEC, and the carbon source of which derives from non-fossil sources has been produced via at least one biomass-to-liquid process.
45. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 44 , wherein the plasticizer which is free from polycyclic aromatics, as in Directive 76/769/EEC, and the carbon source of which derives from non-fossil sources has been produced via the catalytic direct liquefaction of biomasses.
46. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 45 , wherein the plasticizer which is free from polycyclic aromatics, as in Directive 76/769/EEC, and the carbon source of which derives from non-fossil sources is present in the form of heavy-oil fraction after completion of the catalytic direct liquefaction of biomasses.
47. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 45 , wherein the biomass is in liquid and/or solid form.
48. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the rubber mixture comprises from 0.1 to 150 phr of a plasticizer which is free from polycyclic aromatics, as in Directive 76/769/EEC, and the carbon source of which derives from non-fossil sources.
49. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 48 , wherein the rubber mixture comprises from 0.1 to 120 phr of a plasticizer which is free from polycyclic aromatics, as in Directive 76/769/EEC, and the carbon source of which derives from non-fossil sources.
50. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 49 , wherein the rubber mixture comprises from 0.1 to 100 phr of a plasticizer which is free from polycyclic aromatics, as in Directive 76/769/EEC, and the carbon source of which derives from non-fossil sources.
51. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 50 , wherein the rubber mixture comprises from 0.1 to 80 phr of a plasticizer which is free from polycyclic aromatics, as in Directive 76/769/EEC, and the carbon source of which derives from non-fossil sources.
52. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 51 , wherein the rubber mixture comprises from 0.1 to 60 phr of a plasticizer which is free from polycyclic aromatics, as in Directive 76/769/EEC, and the carbon source of which derives from non-fossil sources.
53. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the rubber mixture also comprises from 0 to 5 phr of at least one further plasticizer.
54. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 53 , wherein the further plasticizer has been selected from the group consisting of mineral oils; synthetic plasticizers; fatty acids; fatty acid derivatives; resins; factices; glycerides; and terpenes, or a mixture thereof.
55. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the quantitative proportion of further additives is from 3 to 150 phr.
56. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 55 , wherein the quantitative proportion of further additives is from 3 to 100 phr.
57. The rubber mixture as claimed in claim 56 , wherein the quantitative proportion of further additives is from 5 to 80 phr.
58. The method of producing a tire, comprising: preparing a rubber mixture as claimed in claim 1 .
59. The method as claimed in claim 58 for producing the tread of a tire.
60. The method as claimed in claim 58 for producing a body mixture for a tire.
61. The method as claimed in claim 60 for producing a body mixture for a tire, including sidewall, inner liner, apex, belt, shoulder, belt profile, squeegee, carcass, bead reinforcement, other reinforcement inserts and/or solid tire.
62. The method for producing a belt, comprising:
preparing a rubber mixture as claimed in claim 1 .
63. The method as claimed in claim 62 for producing a conveyor belt.
64. The method as claimed in claim 63 for producing the non-load-bearing side of a conveyor belt.
65. The method for producing a drive belt, comprising:
preparing a rubber mixture as claimed in claim 1 .
66. The method as claimed in claim 65 for producing a flat drive belt, V-shaped drive belt, V-ribbed drive belt, or timing belt.
67. The method for producing a hose, comprising:
preparing a rubber mixture as claimed in claim 1 .