Diindenothiophene derivatives and use thereof
A diindenothiophene derivative of the following formula (1) is disclosed: wherein each of G 1 , G 2 , G 3 and G 4 is independently an unsubstituted or substituted C 6 -C 40 -aromatic group or a C 1 -C 40 -aliphatic group; A is an electron-withdrawing group; and D is an electron-donating group. The inventive diindenothiophene derivatives can be used in a dye-sensitized solar cell.
1. A diindenothiophene derivative having a structure of formula (1):
wherein, G 1 , G 2 , G 3 and G 4 are each independently an unsubstituted or substituted C 6 -C 40 -aromatic group or C 1 -C 40 -aliphatic group; A is an electron-withdrawing group; and D is an electron-donating group.
2. The diindenothiophene derivative of claim 1 , wherein G 1 , G 2 , G 3 and G 4 are each independently an unsubstituted or substituted C 6 -C 20 -aromatic group.
3. The diindenothiophene derivative of claim 2 , wherein G 1 , G 2 , G 3 and G 4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of formula (3), formula (4), formula (5), and formula (6):
wherein, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a C 1 -C 8 -alkyl, or a C 1 -C 8 -alkoxy; and B is CH 2 , NH, S, Si or O.
4. The diindenothiophene derivative of claim 2 , wherein G 1 , G 2 , G 3 and G 4 are each independently
5. The diindenothiophene derivative of claim 2 , wherein G 1 , G 2 , G 3 and G 4 are all
6. The diindenothiophene derivative of claim 1 , 4 or 5 , wherein A is selected from the group consisting of
7. The diindenothiophene derivative of claim 6 , wherein A is
8. The diindenothiophene derivative of claim 1 , wherein D is selected from —N(S 1 )(S 2 ) or —C 6 H 4 —N(S 1 )(S 2 ) where S 1 and S 2 are each independently an unsubstituted or substituted C 6 -C 20 -aromatic group.
9. The diindenothiophene derivative of claim 8 , wherein S 1 and S 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of the following formula (7), formula (8), formula (9), formula (10), and formula (11):
wherein R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a C 1 -C 5 -alkyl or a C 1 -C 5 -alkoxy; and E is CH 2 , NH, S, Si or O.
10. The diindenothiophene derivative of claim 9 , wherein D is
11. The diindenothiophene derivative of claim 10 , wherein D is
12. A dye-sensitized solar cell comprising a diindenothiophene derivative as claimed in claim 1 .