Low-pressure sludge removal method and apparatus using coherent jet nozzles
Provided area cleaning apparatus and an associated method of using the disclosed apparatus wherein the apparatus utilizes one or more nozzles configured to provide a coherent stream of one or more cleaning fluids for removing accumulated fine particulate matter, sludge, from surfaces. The nozzles may be sized, arranged and configured to provide coherent streams that maintain the initial stream diameter for a substantial portion of the maximum dimension of the space being cleaned. The apparatus and method are expected to be particularly useful in the cleaning of heat exchangers incorporating a plurality of substantially vertical and narrowly spaced tubes by directing cleansing streams along a plurality of intertube spaces.
1. A method for low-pressure cleaning of horizontal surfaces between vertical members arranged in a regular array comprising:
introducing a cleaning apparatus into an opening provided adjacent to the regular array;
aligning a coherent flow nozzle provided on the cleaning apparatus with an intermember lane defined between two adjacent rows of the vertical members;
ejecting a coherent jet of a cleaning solution through the coherent flow nozzle; and
sweeping the coherent jet from a proximal portion of the intermember lane to a distal portion of the intermember lane, thereby removing material from the intermember lane;
wherein the coherent flow nozzle comprises an orifice that has an orifice bore length to orifice diameter ratio of at least about 15, and ejecting the coherent jet comprises ejecting the coherent jet from the orifice.
2. The method for low-pressure cleaning according to claim 1 , wherein:
cleaning solution is ejected from the coherent flow nozzle at a pressure no greater than 2.1 MPa.
3. The method for low-pressure cleaning according to claim 1 , wherein:
cleaning solution is ejected from the coherent flow nozzle at a pressure no greater than 2.1 MPa and a flow velocity of at least about 5 m/s.
4. The method for low-pressure cleaning according to claim 1 , wherein:
the step of aligning the coherent flow nozzle with the intermember lane includes detecting at least one of the intermember lane and a member adjacent the intermember lane using a sensor selected from a group consisting of optical sensors, mechanical sensors, ultrasonic sensors and capacitive sensors.
5. The method for low-pressure cleaning according to claim 1 , wherein:
the step of aligning the coherent flow nozzle with the intermember lane includes adjusting a separation spacing between a plurality of adjacent coherent flow nozzles to correspond to a characteristic pitch defined by the regular array.
6. The method for low-pressure cleaning according to claim 1 , further comprising:
collecting and removing the cleaning solution with removed material as it exits the regular array.
7. The method for low-pressure cleaning according to claim 1 , wherein:
the coherent jet has an initial average width of W e and a final average width W m measured at a maximum cleaning distance, and
wherein the 1.2 W e ≦W m .
8. The method for low-pressure cleaning according to claim 7 , wherein the maximum cleaning distance is at least 100 W e .
9. The method for low-pressure cleaning according to claim 1 , wherein the coherent jet has an initial average width of W e which corresponds substantially to a width of the intermember lane.
10. The method for low-pressure cleaning according to claim 1 , wherein ejecting the coherent jet comprises ejecting the coherent jet from an orifice in the coherent flow nozzle as a fully-developed low pressure fluid jet.
11. The method for low-pressure cleaning according to claim 1 , wherein:
the coherent flow nozzle comprises an orifice that has an orifice bore length to orifice diameter ratio sufficient to produce a fully-developed low pressure fluid jet, and
ejecting the coherent jet comprises ejecting the coherent jet from the orifice.
12. The method for low-pressure cleaning according to claim 1 , wherein:
the coherent flow nozzle comprises a closely-aligned, closely spaced plurality of orifices, and
ejecting the coherent jet comprises ejecting a plurality of fully-developed coherent fluid jets from respective ones of the plurality of orifices.
13. The method for low-pressure cleaning according to claim 12 , wherein the plurality of fully-developed coherent fluid jets coalesce to produce a single larger coherent fluid jet that comprises the coherent jet.
14. The method for low-pressure cleaning according to claim 1 , wherein:
the coherent flow nozzle comprises a closely-aligned, closely spaced plurality of orifices,
each of the plurality of orifices has an orifice bore length to orifice diameter ratio of at least about 15, and
ejecting the coherent jet comprises ejecting the coherent jet from the plurality of orifices.
15. The method for low-pressure cleaning according to claim 14 , wherein:
ejecting the coherent jet from the plurality of orifices comprises ejecting separate and discrete, fully-developed coherent fluid jets from respective ones of the plurality of orifices, and
the separate and discrete coherent fluid jets coalesce to produce a single larger coherent fluid jet that comprises the coherent jet.
16. The method for low-pressure cleaning according to claim 1 , further comprising:
stopping ejection of the coherent jet;
moving the cleaning apparatus along the opening such that the coherent flow nozzle is aligned with another intermember lane defined between two adjacent rows of the vertical members;
ejecting a second coherent jet of a cleaning solution through the coherent flow nozzle; and
sweeping the second jet from a proximal portion of the another intermember lane to a distal portion of the another intermember lane, thereby removing material from the another intermember lane.
17. The method for low-pressure cleaning according to claim 1 , wherein:
the coherent flow nozzle comprises a first coherent flow nozzle;
the intermember lane comprises a first intermember lane;
the coherent jet comprises a first coherent jet;
the cleaning apparatus comprises a second coherent flow nozzle; and
the method further comprises:
aligning the second coherent flow nozzle with a second intermember lane defined between two adjacent rows of the vertical members,
ejecting a second coherent jet of the cleaning solution through the second coherent flow nozzle, and
sweeping the second coherent jet from a proximal portion of the second intermember lane to a distal portion of the second intermember lane, thereby removing material from the second intermember lane.
18. The method for low-pressure cleaning according to claim 1 , wherein:
the vertical members comprise tubes of a heat exchanger,
the horizontal surfaces comprise horizontal surfaces of a tube support plate of the heat exchanger, and
the intermember lane comprises an intertube lane.
19. A method for low-pressure cleaning of horizontal surfaces between vertical members arranged in a regular array comprising:
introducing a cleaning apparatus into an opening provided adjacent the regular array;
aligning each of a plurality of coherent flow nozzles provided on the cleaning apparatus with a respective intermember lane defined between two adjacent rows of the vertical members, each of the plurality of coherent flow nozzles comprising a plurality of closely aligned and closely spaced orifices, each orifice having an orifice bore length to orifice diameter ratio sufficient to produce a fully-developed low-pressure fluid jet;
ejecting a separate and distinct coherent fluid jet of a cleaning solution through each individual one of the plurality of coherent flow nozzles such that with respect to each nozzle, fluid jets emitted from the plurality of orifices coalesce to produce a single larger coherent fluid jet ejected from the respective nozzle; and
sweeping the jet from a proximal portion of the respective intermember lanes to a distal portion of the respective intermember lanes, thereby removing material from the respective intermember lanes.