Water-soluble film
A film-forming composition made from a mixture of PVOH, chitosan, an alkali metal or ammonium bisulfite or metabi sulfite, and optional ingredients such as plasticizers, antioxidants, UV stabilizers, surfactants, crosslinking agents, lubricants, and extenders, is disclosed. Also disclosed are a method of making a film from the composition, a resulting film, and a packet made from the film and containing a cleaning composition such as a rinse additive. The composition can be formulated to yield an article such as a film which is soluble only below a predetermined pH threshold.
1. A water-soluble film comprising a mixture of PVOH, chitosan present in an amount up to 20 wt %, and an alkali metal or ammonium bisulfite or metabisulfite.
2. The film of claim 1 , wherein the alkali metal or ammonium bisulfite or metabisulfite comprises sodium bisulfite.
3. The film of claim 1 , wherein the alkali metal or ammonium bisulfite or metabisulfite is present in an amount in a range of 0.01 wt % to 1 wt %.
4. The film of claim 3 , wherein the alkali metal or ammonium bisulfite or metabisulfite is present in an amount in a range of 0.02 wt % to 0.25 wt %.
5. The film according to claim 1 , wherein the PVOH has a degree of hydrolysis of greater than 88%.
6. The film according to claim 5 , wherein the PVOH has a degree of hydrolysis in a range of 92% to 98%.
7. The film according to claim 1 , wherein the chitosan is present in an amount in a range of about 1 wt % to about 20 wt %.
8. The film according to claim 1 , wherein the chitosan has a degree of acetylation in a range of about 55% to about 65%.
9. The film according to claim 8 , wherein the chitosan has a degree of acetylation in a range of about 60% to about 65%.
10. The film according to claim 1 , wherein the film is soluble in water having a pH up to about 9.3.
11. The film according to claim 1 , wherein the film is insoluble in water having a pH greater than about 9.3.
12. The film according to claim 1 , further comprising a plasticizer.
13. The film of claim 12 , wherein the plasticizer is present in a range of about 10 wt % to about 20 wt %.
14. The film of claim 12 , wherein the plasticizer comprises glycerin.
15. The water-soluble film of claim 1 , comprising 50 wt % to 90 wt % PVOH having a degree of hydrolysis in a range of 92% to 98%, 1 wt % to 20 wt % chitosan having a degree of acetylation in a range of about 60% to 65%, and 0.01 wt % to 1 wt % sodium bisulfite, wherein the film is insoluble in water having a pH about 9.3 or greater.
16. A water-soluble film comprising a mixture of PVOH, chitosan and an alkali metal or ammonium bisulfite or metabisulfite wherein the weight ratio of PVOH to chitosan in a range of about 12:1 to about 3:1.
17. A sealed packet comprising the film of claim 1 .
18. A method of making water-soluble film, comprising the steps of:
preparing a solution including PVOH polymer and chitosan;
adding an alkali metal or ammonium bisulfite or metabisulfite to the solution;
casting the solution;
and drying off solvent to thereby obtain a water-soluble polymer film.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the solution of PVOH and chitosan is prepared by
slurrying a PVOH polymer in a dilute, cold aqueous solution of chitosan;
adding any optional ingredients to the slurry, including plasticizer antioxidants, surfactants, lubricants, and extenders; and
heating the slurry with agitation to thereby solubilize the PVOH.
20. The method of claim 18 , further comprising delaying addition of the alkali metal or ammonium bisulfite or metabisulfite to the solution including PVOH polymer and chitosan for a time sufficient to increase the wet strength of the resulting film.
21. The method of claim 20 , wherein said time is at least two hours.
22. A film made by the method of claim 18 .
23. The film according to claim 1 , further comprising a crosslinking agent.
24. The film according to claim 23 , wherein the crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of borax, borates, boric acid, citric acid, maleic acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, cupric salts, water-soluble polyamide-epichlorohydrin, and combinations thereof.
25. The film according to claim 23 , wherein the crosslinking agent is present in a range of about 0.1 wt % to about 10 wt %.
26. A water-soluble film comprising an at least substantially uniform mixture of PVOH, chitosan present in an amount up to 20 wt %, and an alkali metal or ammonium bisulfite or metabisulfite.