Flowmeter array processing algorithm with wide dynamic range
Methods and apparatus enable sensing flow of a fluid inside a conduit with an array of pressure or strain sensors. Inputs for a curve fit routine include power correlation values at one of multiple trial velocities or speeds of sound and several steps on either side utilizing data obtained from the sensors. The velocity at which a curve fit routine returns a max curvature result corresponds to an estimate value that facilitates identification of a speed of sound in the fluid and/or a velocity of the flow. Furthermore, a directional quality compensation factor may apply to outputs from the curve fit routine to additionally aid in determining the velocity of the flow.
1. A sensing system for measuring a flow velocity of a fluid in a conduit, comprising:
an array of at least two pressure sensors spaced along the conduit to output signals indicative of dynamic pressure variations of the fluid; and
a signal processor configured to process the signals by probing trial velocities, wherein the probing includes calculating curvatures associated with power correlations of the signals determined around the trial velocities and selecting one of the trial velocities corresponding to a maximum curvature value from the curvatures as a measurement for the flow velocity.
2. The sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the probing further comprises for each trial value selecting minimum and maximum frequencies that remain constant for all of the power correlations used to derive one of the curvatures.
3. The sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the probing further comprises calculating the curvatures by fitting data from the power correlations to a least squares polynomial.
4. The sensing system of claim 3 , wherein the polynomial is defined as y=a+b*x+c*x 2 , wherein “y” represents a power input, “x” corresponds to a velocity input, and “a,” “b,” and “c” are coefficients, with the maximum curvature value being a negative of the “c” coefficient that is greatest.
5. The sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the signal processor further applies a respective directional quality metric to adjust curvature values from each of the curvatures based on symmetry of power in negative and positive directions prior to selecting one of the trial velocities corresponding to the maximum curvature value.
6. The sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the signal processor is configured to further process the signals by scanning final velocity power correlations within a percentage of the measurement for the flow velocity and at a finer resolution than the probing such that a ridge identified in the scanning corresponds to a final value of the flow velocity.
7. The sensing system of claim 1 , wherein the signal processor is further configured to probe trial speeds of sound by calculating curvatures associated with power correlations of the signals determined around the trial speeds of sound and selecting a positive and a negative one of the trial speeds of sound corresponding to a respective maximum curvature value from the curvatures associated with a positive direction and from the curvatures associated with a negative direction.
8. A sensing system for measuring a parameter of a fluid in a conduit, comprising:
an array of at least two pressure sensors spaced along the conduit to output signals indicative of dynamic pressure variations of the fluid; and
a signal processor configured to process the signals by probing trial velocities, wherein the probing includes calculating curvatures associated with power correlations of the signals determined around the trial velocities and selecting one of the trial velocities corresponding to a maximum curvature value from the curvatures as a measurement for the parameter.
9. The sensing system of claim 8 , further comprising an output to communicate the measurement for the parameter.
10. The sensing system of claim 9 , wherein the signal processor further applies a quality metric to the maximum curvature value and only provides the measurement for the parameter to the output if a result from the quality metric is above a threshold value.
11. The sensing system of claim 8 , further comprising a display configured to show at least one of a speed of sound in the fluid and a flow velocity of the fluid as determined based on the measurement for the parameter.
12. A sensing system for measuring a parameter of a fluid in a conduit, comprising:
an array of at least two pressure sensors spaced along the conduit for outputting signals indicative of dynamic pressure variations of the fluid; and
a signal processor configured to process the signals by performing a method of probing the signals at first and second trial velocities that includes:
measuring first power correlations corresponding to the first trial velocity and first incremental velocities on either side of the first trial velocity to produce first data of the first power correlations;
measuring second power correlations corresponding to the second trial velocity and second incremental velocities on either side of the second trial velocity to produce second data of the second power correlations;
calculating first and second curvatures for the first and second data, respectively;
selecting which one of the first and second trial velocities corresponds to a greater of the first and second curvatures and represents an estimate value for the parameter; and
outputting the estimate value.
13. The sensing system of claim 12 , wherein the parameter is at least one of a flow velocity of the fluid and a speed of sound in the fluid.
14. The sensing system of claim 12 , wherein calculating each of the curvatures occurs by fitting a respective one of the data to a least squares polynomial.
15. A method of measuring a parameter of a fluid in a conduit, comprising:
sensing, with an array of at least two pressure sensors, at spaced locations along the conduit dynamic pressure variations of the fluid to provide signals indicative of the pressure variations; and
processing the signals by probing trial velocities, wherein the probing includes calculating power curvatures associated with power correlations of the signals determined around the trial velocities and selecting one of the trial velocities corresponding to a maximum curvature value from the power curvatures as a measurement for the parameter.
16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising at least one of outputting the measurement for the parameter, generating a signal based on the measurement for the parameter, or controlling an apparatus based on the measurement for the parameter.
17. The method of claim 15 , further comprising outputting the measurement for the parameter to provide an estimate for further processing of the signals.
18. The method of claim 15 , further comprising outputting a flow velocity of the fluid based on the measurement for the parameter.
19. The method of claim 15 , further comprising outputting a speed of sound in the fluid based on the measurement for the parameter.
20. The method of claim 15 , further comprising selecting for each trial value minimum and maximum frequencies that remain constant for all of the power correlations used to derive one of the curvatures.