Methods for modulating bone formation and mineralization by modulating KRC activity
This invention demonstrates that KRC molecules have multiple important functions as modulating agents in regulating a wide variety of cellular processes including bone formation and mineralization. TGF-β signaling in osteoblasts promotes the formation of a multimeric complex between KRC, Runx2, Smad3, and the E3 ubiquitin ligase, WWP1 which inhibits Runx2 function due to the ability of WWP1 to promote Runx2 polyubiquitination and proteasome-dependent degradation. Furthermore, KRC and WWP1 form a complex with RSK2 which promotes RSK2 phosphorylation and inhibits RSK2 function due to the ability of WWP 1 to promote RSK2 ubiquitination. Methods for identifying modulators of KRC activity are provided. Methods for modulating an immune response, bone formation and mineralization, and KRC-associated disorders using agents that modulate KRC expression and/or activity are also provided.
1. A method of identifying compounds useful in modulating bone formation and mineralization comprising,
a) providing an indicator composition comprising recombinant KRC;
b) contacting the indicator composition with each member of a library of test compounds;
c) selecting from the library of test compounds a compound of interest that modulates a biological activity of KRC, wherein the biological activity of KRC is selected from the group consisting of modulation of osteocalcin gene transcription, modulation of Runx2 degradation, modulation of Runx2 ubiquitination, modulation of RSK2 expression, modulation of RSK2 degradation, modulation of RSK2 ubiquitination, modulation of RSK2 phosphorylation, modulation of the expression of BSP, ColI(α)1, OCN, Osterix, RANKL, and/or ATF4, modulation of ATF4 protein levels, and/or modulation of ATF4 phosphorylation;
d) testing the ability of the compound selected in step c) to modulate bone formation and mineralization;
and
e) selecting a compound that modulates bone formation or mineralization to thereby identify a compound useful in modulating bone formation and mineralization.
2. A method of identifying compounds useful in modulating bone formation and mineralization comprising,
a) providing an indicator composition comprising recombinant KRC;
b) contacting the indicator composition with each member of a library of test compounds;
c) selecting from the library of test compounds a compound of interest that modulates a biological activity of KRC, wherein the indicator composition further comprises Runx2 and the ability of the compound to modulate a biological activity of KRC is measured by testing the ability of the compound to modulate the interaction of KRC and Runx2;
d) testing the ability of the compound selected in step c) to modulate bone formation and mineralization;
and
e) selecting a compound that modulates bone formation or mineralization to thereby identify a compound useful in modulating bone formation and mineralization.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the indicator composition is a cell comprising a KRC polypeptide and a Runx2 polypeptide.
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the indicator composition is a cell comprising a KRC polypeptide, a Runx2 polypeptide or transcriptionally active portion thereof, and a reporter gene responsive to the Runx2 polypeptide; and the effect of the test compound on the ability of the compound to modulate the interaction of KRC and Runx2 is determined by evaluating the expression of the reporter gene in the presence and absence of the test compound.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein a SMAD3 molecule is also present in the indicator composition.
6. The method of claim 2 , wherein the indicator composition further comprises CBFβ and the compound modulates the interaction of Runx2 and CBFβ.
7. A method of identifying compounds useful in modulating bone formation and mineralization comprising,
a) providing an indicator composition comprising recombinant KRC;
b) contacting the indicator composition with each member of a library of test compounds;
c) selecting from the library of test compounds a compound of interest that modulates a biological activity of KRC, wherein the indicator composition further comprises recombinant WWP1 and the ability of the compound to modulate a biological activity of KRC is measured by testing the ability of the compound to modulate the interaction of KRC and WWP1;
d) testing the ability of the compound selected in step c) to modulate bone formation and mineralization;
and
e) selecting a compound that modulates bone formation or mineralization to thereby identify a compound useful in modulating bone formation and mineralization.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein a Runx2 molecule, or transcriptionally active portion thereof, is also present in the indicator composition.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein a RSK2 molecule is also present in the indicator composition.